The Innovation Value Chain of Outbound Open Innovation Yan Ailing1‚ Jiang Hong2 School of Business Administration‚ Zhejiang Gongshang University‚ Hangzhou‚ China. E-mail: alyan@foxmail.com. 2 Institute of Policy and Management‚ Chinese Academy of Science‚ Beijing‚ China. 1 Abstract Open innovation is the focus of academic attention. As one type of open innovation‚ outbound open innovation is central to the survival and growth of firms‚ and ultimately to the health of the economies of which they
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VALUE CHAIN AND SWOT ANALYSIS Chapter 5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS It is undertaken to evaluate a company’s value chain elements. Value chain analysis helps only in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each elements of firm’s value chain. It can not be used to identify external opportunities and threats. SWOT ANALYSIS It is a situation analysis of the organization. It is a groundwork for matching the strategy both to the external market and internal resources. It is away to analyze
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How might exemplary human resource practice enhance and strengthen a firm’s value chain activities? 1. Definition of Value Chain The value chain is a systematic approach to examining the development of competitive advantage. It was created by M. E. Porter in his book‚ Competitive Advantage (1980). The organization is split into ’primary activities’ and ’support activities.’ Primary Activities include: Inbound Logistics‚ Operations‚ Outbound Logistics‚ Marketing & Sales‚ and Service. Support Activities
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Question 6 What is the cost of capital for the lodging and restaurant divisions of Marriott? Answer: The cost of capital for lodging is 9.2% and the cost of capital for restaurants is 13.1% Calculation: WACC = (1-t) * rd * (D/V) + re* (E/V) Where: D= market value of DEBT re = aftertax cost of equity E = market value of EQUITY V = D+E rd = pretax cost of debt t = tax rate To calculate the formula above‚ we need to determine each component Tax rate (t) 56% --> calculated before LODGING
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FORECAST PROCESS IMPROVEMENT • LESSONS FROM SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES THE VALUE OF INFORMATION SHARING IN THE RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN: TWO CASE STUDIES Tonya Boone and Ram Ganeshan PREVIEW Retail supply chains are complex‚ with each company in the chain having multiple echelons of distribution. Forecasting and requirements planning are further challenged by managers’ reliance on “local” rather than chain-wide retail demand to make key operational decisions. A frequent consequence is the bullwhip effect
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Executive Summary The case‚ Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital (Abridged)‚ concentrates on making decisions based on capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to measure the opportunity cost for investments. Dan Cohrs‚ the Vice President of Finance of Marriott Corporation‚ had to deal with making recommendations for the hurdle rates at Marriott Corporation and its three divisions which are lodging‚ restaurant and contract services. In calculating
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CASE STUDY: ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY VALUE CHAIN BOTTLER OF COCA COLA PRODUCT. Nigeria bottling company produce‚ sell and distribute a range of non-alcoholic beverages including four of the world’s best selling brands: Coca-Cola‚ Coca-Cola light‚ Fanta and Sprite. In addition‚ nbc product portfolio includes a variety of other sparkling and still beverages including: - fruit juice drinks - premium table water Nbc aim is to offer consumers
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Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital Executive Summary J. Willard Marriott started Marriott Corporation in 1927 with a root beer stand‚ expanding it into a leading lodging and food service company with sales of over $6 billion by 1987. At the time‚ Marriott had three main lines of business‚ lodging‚ contract services and restaurants‚ with lodging generating about 51% of company’s profits. The four key elements of Marriott’s financial strategy were managing hotel assets rather than owning‚
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Case #3 “Marriott Corporation” The Cost of Capital” What is the weighted average cost of capital for the Marriott Corporation and cost of capital for each of its divisions? – What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – How did you measure the cost of debt? – How did you measure the beta for each division? Solution What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – Risk-free rate proxy The risk-free
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1. How does Marriott use its estimate of its cost of capital? Does this make sense? Marriott has defined a clear financial strategy containing four elements. To determine the cost of capital‚ which also acted as hurdle rate for investment decision‚ cost of capital estimates were generated from each of the three business divisions; lodging‚ contract services and restaurants. Each division estimates its cost of capital based on: Debt Capacity Cost of Debt Cost of Equity All of the above are
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