The Cardiovascular System CHAPTER SUMMARY The importance of the cardiovascular system cannot be overstated. This is one system that students frequently know something about‚ at least from a plumbing viewpoint‚ but they often don’t completely understand the complexity of the system and the magnitude of its tasks. An essential component of presentation of the material is then to outline in detail the role of the cardiovascular system and its significance to all other body systems. This chapter
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along the EKG baseline. The heart does not have any electrical activity during this time. The ST segment begins at the J point and stops at the beginning of the T wave. ST deviation is a sign of myocardial ischemia‚ myocardial infarction and /or cardiac disease. ST changes (elevations or depressions) are suggestive of current events as in now. J point is the end of the S wave where the S wave begins to flatten out. T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricle. The T wave
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fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation is an irregularity in the atria’s electrical impulses‚ causing a disorderly and rapid rhythm. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (also termed intermittent atrial fibrillation) is occurrences of AF that spontaneously halt within 7 days of starting. Episodes of AF can last from a few seconds up to a few days in Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The sinoatrial (SA) node is the dominant pacemaker of the heart. Located at the junction
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contractility.any dysfunction of these muscles lead to regurgitation of the coresponding valves and poor myocardial performance ultimately may end up in heart failure. Prevent backflow. 6. The ventricles are almost empty at the end of what phase of the cardiac cycle? Isovolumetric relaxation 7. Blood flow through a capillary bed is regulated by what? Vasodialation and constriction 8. Generalized vasomotion can raise or lower what important homeostatic variable throughout the body? Blood pressure 9. What
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- Check how well medicines are working and whether they are causing side effects that affect the heart. - Check how well mechanical devices that are implanted in the heart‚ such as pacemakers‚ are working to control a normal heartbeat. - Check the health of the heart when other diseases or conditions are present‚ such as high blood pressure‚ high cholesterol‚ cigarette smoking‚ diabetes‚ or a family history of early heart disease. Echocardiogram
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beats per minute‚ your heart rate is considered to be slower than normal if your heart rate is less than sixty beats per minute. During a normal heartbeat‚ an electrical signal is sent from the heart’s sinus node. The sinus node acts as a natural pacemaker located in the upper portion of the right atrium. The sinoatrial node produces electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat. From the sinus node‚ the heart beat signal is sent to the atrioventricular node. After the heartbeat has traveled through
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1. A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization. Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure? 1. Regular insulin 2. Glipizide (Glucotrol) 3. Repaglinide (Prandin) 4. Metformin (Glucophage) 4. Metformin (Glucophage) 2. The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16
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once. The results would be available within hours and cost as little as 10% of typical Medical reimbursement costs. LEADLESS CARDIAC PACEMAKERS Today’s pacemakers require a thin wire—called a lead—to be inserted in a vein of the heart to keep it beating steadily. These leads‚ however‚ can crack and break or become infected. Soon‚ doctors may be able to implant wireless pacemakers directly in the heart without surgery and without the leads that cause a risk to patients. TREATMENTS FOR IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ---------- 1 Table of Contents ---------- 2 Introduction ---------- 3 Fundamentals of ECG a. Definition of Terms ---------- 4 b. Anatomy and Physiology Review ---------- 6 c. The Machine and Equipments ---------- 8 d. Waveforms ---------- 10 Purpose ---------- 11 Indications ---------- 12 Contraindications ---------- 13 Interfering factors ---------- 13 Normal Findings
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coupled receptor‚ associated with the heterotrimeric G-protein‚ which is usually found in cardiac tissues. The Beta 1 receptors stimulate heart muscle contraction. Some of the effects it has on the body would be that it increases cardiac output‚ increases ventricular cardiac muscle by increasing contractility and atomicity. These receptors are also present in the cerebral cortex. They are located on cardiac pacemakers‚ on the myocardium‚ in salivary duct glands and in sweat glands. (Adrenergic Receptors
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