Diffusion‚ and in a biological context‚ we can simulate how water and particles move in and out of our own cells. Introduction Objective: 1. Investigate the process of osmosis and diffusion in a model of a membrane system. 2. Investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissue. Background Information: Molecules are in constant motion; they tend to move from areas of high concentration‚ to areas of low concentration. This broad principle is divided
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square of a red onion skin (membrane) was observed under a microscope at high power (X40) magnification. The observation showed a large number of onion cells. The structure of one onion cell had a general rectangular shape with a developed cell wall‚ which gives the rectangular shape to the cell and a cell membrane just beneath it. The observation under the microscope of a cell of an onion skin soaked for 15 minutes in distilled water showed that the cell membrane was pressed against the cell
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The walls of duct in the kidney respond to ADH and the cells in the walls have membrane-bound receptors for ADH‚ to which the ADH binds to these receptors and causes a chain of enzyme-controlled reactions in the cell. The completion of these reactions is inserting vesicles containing water-permeable channels (aquaporin’s) into the cell surface membrane‚ thus making walls more permeable to water. When ADH is increased in the blood flow‚ more water-permeable channels
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produces solid or semisolid foods with significantly lower water content. The concentration of liquid foods has three different methods; evaporation‚ membrane concentration‚ and freeze concentration. Evaporation usages gas liquid phase separation. It has the lowest capital cost and the maximum concentration for freeze concentration is more than 50 Brix. Membrane concentration can be used for separating components of foods on a molecular basis‚ where the foods are in solution and where a solution is separated
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rate of osmosis across a potato’s cell membrane submerged for 94 hours in the solutation. Background Information: Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules across a partially permeable membrane. They move from a region of low concentration (hypotonic) to a region of high concentration (hypertonic). The rate of osmosis across a eukaryotic cell membrane can be affected by different factors; including temperature‚ concentration gradient‚ water potential and the surface area for osmosis to occur
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2007 AP Question 1 A) Three macromolecules that are very important components of the Cell Membrane of Eukaryotic organisms include molecules such as phospholipids‚ cholesterol and Glycoproteins all of which contribute to the continued functioning of the cell membrane. Phospholipids Structure: form the majority of the cell membrane‚ two layers of phospholipids combine to form the phospholipid bilayer‚ the phospholipids are made of two fatty acid tails attached to a phosphate head‚ the phosphate
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solution over a 24 hour period. This is because the cell membranes in the potato act as semi permeable membranes (meaning that they only allow certain molecules through). In the clear water the potato will gain mass because the potato will gain water from the solution around it from osmosis. This osmosis effect is the flow of water across the semi permeable membrane from a solution of higher water potential (water) to one with a lower water potential (potato). The potato will allow water into it to even
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which are then folded in the nucleolus in to chromosomes as a gene. Genes are sections of DNA which contain instructions on how to make proteins and in this case insulin. The DNA molecule however is too large to get through the nuclear pores of the membrane so by the process of transcription a section of the instruction is copied in to RNA (ribonucleic acid). The RNA then takes the section of the instruction and leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome where it can be used to synthesise the protein
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Diffusion Potentials of Permeable Membranes Introduction This experiment examines cell membrane permeability‚ osmosis and membrane voltages; all of which are important in understanding how cells are affected by their environment. The movement of water across membranes is important for cell volume and thus the volume of extracellular compartments. The mechanisms for solute transport are essential in maintaining cell functions and homeostasis. Furthermore‚ ion transport across membranes generates membrane
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the metals in order of decreasing activity. 5. Write reduction half-reactions for each metal ion. Check a table of standard reduction potentials (E°). Arrange the list in order of increasing reduction potential (decreasing oxidation potential). How does the activity series of metals from Question 4 compare to the list based on increasing reduction potential? 6. Explain why it was necessary to test the halide ions for their color in mineral oil. 7. In which test tubes did a reaction occur
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