The Sumerian economy was based on agriculture. Sumerians were primarily farmers. In order to provide their crops with a regular supply of water‚ they created complex irrigation systems. The system consisted of a network of canals‚ dams‚ and reservoirs. Jobs included pottery makers‚ stonecutters‚ bricklayers‚ metal smiths‚ farmers‚ fishers‚ shepherds‚ weavers‚ leather-workers‚ and sailors. They grew barley‚ chickpeas‚ lentils‚ wheat‚ dates‚ onions‚ garlic‚ lettuce‚ leeks and mustard. They also raised
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Biomaterials 21 (2000) 2529}2543 Sca!olds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage Dietmar W. Hutmacher Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering‚ Institute of Engineering Science‚ Department of Orthopedic Surgery‚ National University of Singapore‚ 10 Kent Ridge Crescent‚ Singapore 119260‚ Singapore Abstract Musculoskeletal tissue‚ bone and cartilage are under extensive investigation in tissue engineering research. A number of biodegradable and bioresorbable materials‚ as well as sca!old designs
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when plants and animals were domesticated‚ bringing about an agricultural revolution. This allowed nomads and cave dwellers to become farmers and herders.(Whitehouse 1977:129).) The Indus civilization is often referred to as Harappan civilization from one of the major sights called Harappa. The Indus civilization existed in South Asia from about 2700 BC to 1750 BC.(Hawkes 1973:49). Smaller groups lived in the area before this time‚ but it is around 2700 BC when the typical Indus cities took place
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Chapter 1 Reading Guide From Human Prehistory to the Early River Valley Civilizations DIRECTIONS: Read Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early River Valley Civilizations DIRECTIONS: Define the following vocabulary terms. Paleolithic Age: The Old Stone Age ending in 12‚000 b.c.e.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence. Neolithic Age: The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 b.c.e.; period in which adaption of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication
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From the Stone Age to Civilization The Paleolithic era or the “Old Stone Age” was defined by early humans that used stone tools in their everyday lives. This age was followed by the Neolithic age‚ which was marked by technological advancements. Following this period‚ humans began to form the first early civilizations. There are similarities between the Paleolithic Era and the era of “civilization.” Tools‚ for example‚ played a significant role in everyday life for people of both eras‚ providing
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HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course‚ it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui‚ An Introduction
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Rise of The Indus Valley Civilization More than four thousand years earlier there thrived a civilization within the Punjab and Sindh regions of Northwest India and Pakistan. This civilization was named after the main river of the region the Indus River. It was called as the Indus valley civilization. This civilization had an area much larger than the Egypt and Mesopotamia civilization jointly (A.L.Basham). The researchers have given different names to this civilization. However‚ the most widespread
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The Maya was thought of to be one among the best ancient Native American civilizations within the Americas‚ and probably the planet. Archaeologists discovered and dug up and studied several of the civilization sites trace the Mayas to thousands of years ago. Their ancestors migrated from Asia across the Bering Sea and Alaska to the Americas and also the Yucatan Peninsula throughout the last ice age. Early Mayan settlements originate to 2400 B.C.. They engineered huge stone pyramids and temples to
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Early civilizations influence our culture in many different aspects. Ranging from religion to governmental structures‚ civilizations have blended their traditions and practices and make the people we are today. The influences early African and Mesoamerican civilizations had on history were as important as the influences of the large eurasian empire‚ Mesopotamia. Religion has come far through time. Mesopotamia practiced polytheistic religions and built ziggurats‚ temples used for worshiping the gods
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The Dominican and Franciscan orders grew in the 13th centuries‚ with the advent of the medieval-modern civilizations‚ intent on spreading Catholic teachings. The preaching and crusades however needed more education‚ hence the adoption of new classes in the newly established universities in Oxford and Paris to better their theological‚ philosophical and religious work (Gracia‚ Jorge & Timothy‚ 2008‚ p 80). The phase saw more intense studies into the scientific literature from the Greek scholars and
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