Egyptian Civilization
Biomaterials 21 (2000) 2529}2543
Sca!olds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage
Dietmar W. Hutmacher
Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Science, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Abstract Musculoskeletal tissue, bone and cartilage are under extensive investigation in tissue engineering research. A number of biodegradable and bioresorbable materials, as well as sca!old designs, have been experimentally and/or clinically studied. Ideally, a sca!old should have the following characteristics: (i) three-dimensional and highly porous with an interconnected pore network for cell growth and #ow transport of nutrients and metabolic waste; (ii) biocompatible and bioresorbable with a controllable degradation and resorption rate to match cell/tissue growth in vitro and/or in vivo; (iii) suitable surface chemistry for cell attachment, proliferation, and di!erentation and (iv) mechanical properties to match those of the tissues at the site of implantation. This paper reviews research 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights on the tissue engineering of bone and cartilage from the polymeric sca!old point of view. reserved.
Keywords: Tissue engineering of bone and cartilage; Design and fabrication of 3-D sca!old; Biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers
1. Introduction Bone and cartilage generation by autogenous cell/tissue transplantation is one of the most promising techniques in orthopedic surgery and biomedical engineering [1]. Treatment concepts based on those techniques would eliminate problems of donor site scarcity, immune rejection and pathogen transfer [2]. Osteoblasts, chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the patient's hard and soft tissues can be expanded in culture and seeded onto a sca!old that will slowly degrade and resorb as the tissue structures grow in vitro and/or in vivo [3]. The sca!old or three-dimensional (3-D)
Sca!olds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage
Dietmar W. Hutmacher
Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Science, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Abstract Musculoskeletal tissue, bone and cartilage are under extensive investigation in tissue engineering research. A number of biodegradable and bioresorbable materials, as well as sca!old designs, have been experimentally and/or clinically studied. Ideally, a sca!old should have the following characteristics: (i) three-dimensional and highly porous with an interconnected pore network for cell growth and #ow transport of nutrients and metabolic waste; (ii) biocompatible and bioresorbable with a controllable degradation and resorption rate to match cell/tissue growth in vitro and/or in vivo; (iii) suitable surface chemistry for cell attachment, proliferation, and di!erentation and (iv) mechanical properties to match those of the tissues at the site of implantation. This paper reviews research 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights on the tissue engineering of bone and cartilage from the polymeric sca!old point of view. reserved.
Keywords: Tissue engineering of bone and cartilage; Design and fabrication of 3-D sca!old; Biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers
1. Introduction Bone and cartilage generation by autogenous cell/tissue transplantation is one of the most promising techniques in orthopedic surgery and biomedical engineering [1]. Treatment concepts based on those techniques would eliminate problems of donor site scarcity, immune rejection and pathogen transfer [2]. Osteoblasts, chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the patient's hard and soft tissues can be expanded in culture and seeded onto a sca!old that will slowly degrade and resorb as the tissue structures grow in vitro and/or in vivo [3]. The sca!old or three-dimensional (3-D)