nucleotides). The bases are stacked in between the two strands which wind around each other. The order of the bases determines the genetic information. When a gene is activated‚ the DNA strands separate and one of them serves as a template for copying a messenger RNA (mRNA). The letters represent the bases adenine (A)‚ thymine (T)‚ guanine (G) and cytosine (C). In the double helix‚ A always pairs with T‚ and C with
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those desired genes. An example of this is Daisy the cow. Daisy was cloned and genetically modified so that milk will not produce that contains the protein BLG as some infants are allergic to a “whey protein in milk called BLG” (beta-lactoglobulin) . RNA interference and SCNT (somatic cell nuclear transfer) are examples and techniques used to clone a cow like Daisy. Process and techniques of
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(norephinephrine example from class) Chapter 11 4 properties of ‘genetic material’; Transformation principle and S vs. R strains of bacteria Know the general history behind how the structure of DNA was determined by Watson and Crick DNA vs. RNA – structure‚ components‚ differences How is a strand of DNA put together – sugar: phosphate bonds form the rails‚ bases are hydrogen bonded together to form the steps; Chargaff’s rule; stands are complementary and anti-parallel (one is 5’3’‚
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Protein Synthesis Notes If DNA’s shape is altered it can’t function properly. RNA is more flexible so changing the shape changes the function‚ which is wanted. Any shape of RNA can become another. Three shapes/functions of RNA: -mRNA: messenger (linear_____) -rRNA: ribosomal (large and like a globe) More stable than mRNA. -tRNA: transfer (shaped like t) If you flatten this it becomes mRNA. Hydrogen Bonds ………………………………. Protein Synthesis Overview- Two Processes: Transcription- synthesis of
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Chapter 1 Answers QUICK-CHECK questions 1 What are the special characteristics of the light produced by a synchrotron? In a synchrotron‚ electrons are accelerated to very high speeds (almost the speed of light). Light is created when the direction of movement of these electrons is changed (deflected) using magnetic fields. A characteristic of this light is that it is extremely bright. 2 a Explain why ice is less dense than water. Ice is less dense than liquid water because‚ as water solidifies
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Describe the operon hypothesis and how it explains the control of the messenger RNA production and the regulation of protein synthesis in bacterial cells. The operon is a group of genes coding for proteins with related functions and they are arranged in units. The operon is made up of the promoter‚ structural genes and the operator. Transcription depends on the regulator‚ it may be located anywhere on the bacterial chromosome. The regulator codes for the repressor‚ which binds to the operator
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form an intermediary molecule termed ribonucleic acid (RNA/messenger RNA). This formation is synthesised in the same way as DNA replication. However this process occurs only on one DNA strand called template strand. Thus the mRNA is only a single strand with 4 bases; adenine (A)‚ guanine (G)‚ cytosine (C) and uracil (U). The base-pairing rules are‚ DNA mRNA G C C G T A A U This will be synthesised through enzyme RNA polymerase and happens in the nucleus of the cell.
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Urban green spaces also allow for decreased urban heating‚ which is caused by greenhouse gases being concentrated in the atmosphere around cities. The process of transcription is when DNA helixes are unwound by RNA polymerase‚ which allows the DNA sequence to be copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is used to be able to create new proteins in the cell‚ the mRNA is carried from the nucleus into the cytoplasm
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Name: Cora Wilke April 19‚ 2015 Laboratory 7: Building models of Biological MacromoleculesQuestions: 1. Which functional groups are involved in buiding a covalent bond between these amino acids? Amine and Carboxylic acid = Amide 2. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will alanine use for peptide bond? Carboxylic Acid 3. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will glycine use for peptide bond? Amine
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Are You a Good or Bad Student? Being a good student is what everyone wants to believe they are. But in reality we all know that there are bad students. I‚ myself would like to believe I am a good student but when I looked over the facts it seems that I am not a bad or a good student. The first and foremost important quality of a good student is‚ of course‚ hard working. We can’t have a good result in academic success without training and effort. The next quality is active in community. A good student
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