Trends in Ionization Energy Period trends All the atoms in the same period have the same valence energy level and the same shielding. The increasing nuclear charge increases the attraction of valence electrons so ionization energy generally increases from left to right. The exceptions at full and ½ filled orbitals break the pattern because removing an electron from a stable (low energy) configuration will require more energy. Li has a low 1st ionization because 2 core electrons block the +3 nuclear
Free Periodic table Atom Electron configuration
large HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicates a weaker chemical reactivity. The calculated values of HOMO-LUMO gaps for Rhn clusters are given in Table 3. From this table‚ the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps are in the range of (0.018-0.297 eV)‚ indicating that the metallic behaviour can appear in these clusters. Thus‚ these clusters can be applied to a lot of catalytic reactions. Unfortunately‚ there are no experimental data for these clusters to compare our theoretical results. In cluster physics‚ the ionization
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Earth’s four spheres Hydrosphere - dynamic mass of liquid that is always on the move Oceans - the most prominent feature of the hydrosphere 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by ocean which is 97% of Earth’s water Only 3% is fresh water - streams‚ lakes‚ glaciers and underground supplies Water Cycle - constantly recycles water Atmosphere Provides us with the air we breathe Protects us from the sun’s intense heat and radiation Protects us from space Biosphere Includes all life on Earth Interacts and
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Van der Waal’s forces -- Electrons will not be evenly spread around an atom/molecule at any given time‚ meaning the molecule will have a slight +ve charge on one end‚ and a -ve at the other. this temporary state may cause attraction between two molecules‚ pulling them together (also known as London dispersion forces). The magnitude pof Van der Waals force depends on the relative molecular mass‚ high mass produces a larger force. Boiling points of the alkanes data and alkenes data These very
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Douglass Nazarbayev University Purpose The aim of this experiment is to investigate the properties of several substances with the purpose of determining whether they are molecular‚ ionic‚ macromolecular or metallic. Introduction Chemical substances could be named ionic‚ molecular or metallic substance‚ based on the kind of bond present in it. Solid ionic compound is composed of ions‚ which are held together by large electrostatic forces. Bonding in molecular substance is caused by the sharing of
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Chem Factsheet January 2001 Number 12 Periodicity - Trends in Period 3 To succeed in this topic you need to:• understand the work in Factsheet 1 on Atomic Structure • understand the work in Factsheet 6 on structure of elements and compounds‚ including how bonding relates to physical properties. • be able to use the periodic table to locate the positions of elements. The Periodic Table In the periodic table‚ elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number (fig 1.) The horizontal
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Across the period‚ the metallic character of the Period 3 elements decreases. This is evident as sodium‚ magnesium and aluminium‚ the first three elements in period 3‚ are all classified as metals. We observed that they display highly metallic characteristics‚ as they are all solid‚ malleable and lustrous. On the other hand sulfur‚ which is further along the period in group 16‚ is too a solid although it is quite brittle and in powdered form. It is a dull‚ pale yellow and does not possess the shiny
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changed to hold a slightly yellow tint. CuCo3 with NaOH changed to a darker color‚ also irreversible. These are all signs that a chemical change occurred. Classify the following properties of sodium metal as physical or chemical: • Silver metallic color: physical • Turns gray in air: chemical • Melts at 98oC:
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Sydney Schell October 18th‚ 2012 Identifying Metallic Components Introduction: Spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by the atoms and molecules. A photon in short is light. Atoms produce light by putting energy in‚ the electron then becomes excited and goes up an energy level‚ the electron then falls back down to its ground state‚ and out comes a photon (light). The electromagnetic spectrum contains color that we can and cannot see. The color blue has
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Sr No 454 October 12‚ 2010 All Dealers / TASCs / TASPs Sub: Price Revision of M/s Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes India Pvt. Ltd. M/s Akzo Nobel has informed us about the price increase in the paint consumable supplied by them. The prices were increased on account of sharp increase in input costing‚ due to increasing inflation & input raw material costing. The attached sheet gives the detail on the new prices. The overall increase in the price is around 12% above the existing one. The new prices shall
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