Separation of Acidic‚ Basic and Neutral Substances by Extraction KEYWORDS Solubility‚ density‚ organic layer‚ aqueous layer‚ drying agent‚ protonation‚ recrystallization‚ neutralization‚ extraction ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment is to separate the substances in the acidic mixture and identify each constituent in the mixture that were individually separated using extraction. Three reaction tubes were used in the experiment. An acidic mixture containing benzoic acid‚ naphthalene‚
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purpose of the experiment is to investigate the effects of column temperature and flow rate on the separation of methyl esters compounds. On top of that‚ the experiment is conducted to explore the gas chromatography‚ which is include the concepts of retention time and resolution using a mixture of methyl esters: methyl linolate‚ methyl laurate‚ methyl myristate‚ and methylpalmitate and methyl stearate. In this experiment‚ the isothermal and temperature programming are required in order to get an optimize
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Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity. Organic Chemstry Laboratory Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity Introduction The concepts of stability and reactivity are fundamental to understanding chemistry. In this chapter we consider first the thermodynamic definition of chemical stability. We then consider chemical kinetics (Section 3.2) and how it can provide information about reactivity. We also explore how structure influences stability and reactivity. We want to learn how
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Intro In 1936 a scientist named Ruzika was the first ever to make a pure form of testosterone from cholesterol (steroid.com). It is then that steroids emerged as a performance enhancing drug. I am pretty sure we all have pre conceived ideas and notions about steroids and the people that use them. Today I would like to talk to you all about the fact and fiction of steroid usage. 1st I would like to talk about the History of steroids‚ 2nd the types of steroids‚ 3rd anabolic and androgenic affects
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substitution happens when the initially formed intermediate expels one of the substitutes originally bonded to the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of a new carbonyl compound. In this experiment‚ the specific nucleophilic acyl substitution is esterification. It occurs when a carboxylic acid in salicylic acid and an alcohol combine in a reaction to produce an ester. Figure 11.4. Mechanisms on the formation of aspirin Phosphoric acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen atom (C=O) of the anhydride
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Title:Extraction:Extraction with acid and alkaline Objective: 1. To recover benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture using acid-alkaline extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of benzoic acid and p-diclorobenzene. Apparatus:Separatory funnel(250mL)‚Buchner funnel‚beaker. Materials:Benzoic acid‚p-dichlorobenzene‚ether‚10% NaOH‚conc.HCl‚distilled water‚ anhydrous CaCl2. Introduction: Organic compounds in an aqueous mixture can be separated
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Experiment 01/25/2013 CHM Lab- 2211 Sec 0016 Instructor: Jennifer Reed Introduction: Commonly used as Aspirin‚ acetylsalicylic acid is an analgesic (pain reliever)‚ which is one of the products of the esterification reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. This esterification occurs since the hydroxyl group from the salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form an ester. In this experiment‚ we will be able to recreate this acid catalyzed reaction‚ using sulfuric acid as our
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Abstract Fisher Reaction is a special type of esterification that uses an acid catalyst to reflux Carboxylic acid and Alcohol. The product Ester is in equilibrium to the reactants acid and alcohol. Ester is responsible for the smell and aroma of different fruits. After using the Fisher reaction‚ a combination of techniques is used to separate the product. Introduction Esters are naturally occurring compounds that possess a distinctive odor. It is responsible for the smell of different fruits
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Vol. 1 ACETIC ACID 115 ACETIC ACID 1. Introduction Acetic acid [64-19-7]‚ CH3COOH‚ is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor‚ burning taste‚ and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water‚ oilfield brines‚ rain‚ and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions‚ usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize isopentyl acetate via an esterification reaction between glacial acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed using sodium bicarbonate and water‚ then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then distilled using a standard simple distillation apparatus. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 60.39%. This may have been low due to incomplete distillation or evaporation once
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