exactly all the available oxygen is used to burn the fuel completely or at least to the best possible value. This ratio is called the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Theoretically‚ this ratio exist only for a stoichiometric mixture‚ which is an ideal mixture. In practice this mixture has never been formed for any machine so far. However‚ air-fuel ratios close to it can be achieved by modifying engine design and making use of proper admixtures and catalysts to keep a check on the pressure and temperature
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butter in with a pie crust cutter until the mixture looks crumbly and well combined. Press half of this mixture into the bottom of the 9 inch square pan. Place the dates‚ water and 1/3 cup of brown sugar in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Bring this mixture to a boil and cook‚ stirring constantly until it thickens well. Add the lemon juice and remove from heat. Spread this mixture onto the crust and top with the rest of the crumbled oat mixture. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until the top
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difference between a’smart’ and a’smart’? The mixture was let cool to room temperature and then transferred to a centrifuge tube. To ensure that all the mixture was transferred to the centrifuge tube‚ 0.5-1.0 mL of dichloromethane was used to rinse the round bottom flask. Another 1.0-2.0 mL of dichloromethane was also added to the centrifuge tube. The dichloromethane and the mixture were mixed via a pipette. As soon as the dichloromethane was added to the mixture‚ 3 layers were noticed. The bottom layer
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Chromatography: How can we separate a mixture? Purpose The chromatography lab is to understand how molecules with similar molecular properties can be separated with paper chromatography. These differences will be interpreted to see the distinction of separate chemical substances. Pre Lab Questions 1. Explain capillary action as it pertains to water and paper. Capillary action makes water draw up the paper. As paper absorbs water mixes with the solutions in the paper. 2. What is the
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of line emission spectra while also using this data to determine the unknown mixture of the flame emission procedure of the experiment. The original hypothesis was that the spectroscope would show multiple different line emission spectra in which the ΔE would be negative there was an emission of light as the electron’s decreased in electron transitions. This hypothesis was proven correct‚ as well as‚ the unknown mixture is predicted to contain iron III‚ copper II and potassium. With the acquired
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coconut cake is a piece of heaven‚ and is not very hard to make‚ this will be a step by step instruction on making one. The first step is to combine the dry ingredients‚ spoon flour mixture onto a square of waxed paper. Then‚ using waxed paper as a funnel for flour‚ add flour mixture and milk to butter mixture‚placing the beaters on low after each addition until allcombined‚ the texture should be very smooth. Step two‚ divide batter among three pans. Bake until top puffs back when touched
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saline solution and 10 mL of liquid detergent was added to the mixture and blended for 3 minutes. The mixture was then added to a flask and placed into a bath of hot water at 42˚C for 10 minutes. The mixture was then removed from the hot water bath and filtered using a cheese cloth (dryer sheet) into a beaker. In a test tube (test tube “B”)‚ 10 mL of 90-95% ethanol was placed into a beaker filled with ice. Then 10 mL of the filtered mixture was then placed into a test tube (test tube “C”). Test tube
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temperature of 4℃. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes‚ and three-drops were QUICKLY taken from the mixture. The three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the first well of a spot plate and was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval‚ three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was
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Title: Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitutions at the saturated carbon Lab Partner: Jeszie Geronimo Objective and purpose: the purpose of this experiment is to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using a Sn2 Reaction. Investigate some factors that influence the rate of Sn1 reactions. The second part of this lab will focus more on how unlike factors influence the rate of reactions in anSN1 reactions. The factors that we will be inspecting are the leaving groups‚ Cl-
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different types of atoms in the universe. * Substances that are made up of one type of atom are called pure elements; therefore there are 92 pure elements in the universe. * Substances made up of more than one type of atom are called mixtures. * Mixtures are made up of groups of atoms called molecules. * Molecules that are made of one type of atom are called simple molecules. Examples: O3 ‚ N2 ‚ S8 * Molecules that are made of more than one type of atom are called compound
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