longer than 30 minutes. The heat from the hot plate speeds the reaction‚ and the reaction mixture must be kept no lower than 25 mL by adding distilled water. An aspirator is assembled by using a suction flask‚ clamp‚ ring stand‚ rubber tubing‚ funnel‚ and filter paper to filter the reaction mixture once the first reaction is complete. The filter paper is then wetted‚ the vacuum source is turned on‚ and the mixture is poured through the filter‚ using 5 mL of distilled water to rinse the beaker. The filter
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98.) Consider the unbalanced redox reaction: Cr2O72- (aq ) + Cu(s ) → Cr3+ (aq ) + Cu2+ Balance the equation in acidic solution and determine how much of a 0.850 M K2Cr2O7 solution is required to completely dissolve 5.25 g of Cu. Nitric acid is usually purchased in concentrated form with a 70.3% HNO3 concentration by mass and a density of 1.41 g/mL. How much of the concentrated stock solution in milliliters should you use to make 2.5 L of 0.500 M HNO3? Mass %= Mass Solute/ Mass Solvent + Mass
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chromatography. All chromatography experiments involve passing a mixture of analytes through a system that includes a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The partitioning of the analytes between these two phases determines the rate at which they pass through the system‚ and (in theory) allows them to be separated from one another. Column chromatography is a technique routinely used by organic chemists to separate sometimes complicated mixtures of compounds. For example‚ a chemical reaction may produce
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(S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides (S)-ibuprofen in a relatively high yield. all reaction were monitored by TLC at room temperature with appropriate solvent system which states in experiment section. IR‚ 1H-NMR‚ 13C-NMR‚ polarimetry and melting point range were used to define the product and its purity. Introduction Racemic mixture of ibuprofen is sold in the
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Based on the graphs displaying the number of vacuoles formed in presence of the yeast cells within the yeast and ink mixture‚ our null hypothesis was rejected because both the yeast cells and India ink had a significant effect on the tetrahymena as illustrated by the number of vacuoles that were form when those two substances were fed to the tetrahymena. One factor from
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amount of a combination of different concentrations of instructed chemicals and wait for the mixture to turn blue. During this time‚ students will swirl
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rubber septum‚ with caution as to minimize exposure of moisture from the air to the reaction mixture. The rubber septum was replaced and the reaction flask was cooled in an ice bath that was prepared in a 100-mL beaker. When AlCl3 was added to the mixture‚ the mixture began to bubble‚ changing the color from yellow to a dark purple. Using a plastic pipet‚ acetic anhydride (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture. The ice bath was removed and the water aspirator was turned on. A hot water bath was prepared
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alcohol is also measured after 2nd process as 82%. INTRODUCTION The objective of this experiment is to distillate the alcohol-water solution into ethanol and water. Distillation is a process of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation‚ or a physical separation process‚ and not a chemical reaction. The basic requirement of distillation is that the components of the liquid solution must have different boiling
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It was suspected that E + F would form lithium phosphate‚ which forms a precipitate extremely slowly‚ and needs to be heated to react faster. As expected‚ heating the mixture of E + F did indeed reveal the formation of a precipitate‚ confirming the student’s initial suspicions. This accounts for one of the two possible major errors that the student could have made in this part of the experiment‚ the other one being accidentally
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Chromatography serves mainly as a tool for the examination and separation of mixtures of chemical substances. Chromatography is using a flow of solvent or gas to cause the components of a mixture to migrate differently from a narrow starting point in a specific medium‚ in the case of this experiment‚ filter paper. It is used for the purification and isolation of various substances. There are two phases in chromatography: 1. Stationary Phase – a solid that does not move. In this experiment was the
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