Thermochemistry (((CLASS INFORMATION)) INTRODUCTION Thermal chemistry was intended to display that chemical reaction and phase changes involve energy. The energy of heat was presented when a change in temperature difference was evaluated. Chemical reactions in a calorimeter were used to determine the amount of heat produced by a reaction. Reactions that absorb heat were noted as endothermic‚ and reactions that release heat were noted as exothermic
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student to the concept of a primary standard and the process of standardization; d) to review the calculations involving chemical solutions; e) to help the student improve his/her lab technique. Theory: Titration was used to study acid-base neutralization reaction quantitatively. In acid-base titration experiment‚ a solution of accurately KHP concentration was added gradually to another solution of NaOH concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions were completed. The equivalence
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of known concentration are prepared by dissolving measured masses of standard acids in distilled water. The concentrations of unknown solutions of sodium hydroxide are determined by titration. An acid solution reacts with a base solution in a "neutralization" reaction. Titrations permit the concentrations of unknown acids/bases to be determined with a high degree of accuracy. In order to analyze unknown acids/bases‚ we must have a "standard" solution to react with the unknowns. A standard solution
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Heats of Reaction – Hess’s Law Overview Hess’s Law states that the energy change for a reaction depends on the enthalpy of the reactants and products and is independent of the pathway of the reaction. In this experiment you will use calorimetry to measure the heats of reaction for three reactions: Reaction 1 Reaction Equation NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Solid NaOH is dissolved in water 2 Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) Solutions of NaOH and HCl are mixed 3 NaOH(s)
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Formulas of some fatty acids 10 NMR data NMR data 5–6 7 7 10. Structural formulas of some important biomolecules 10 11. Acid-base indicators 11 12. Acidity constants‚ Ka‚ of some weak acids 11 13. Values of molar enthalpy of combustion of some common fuels at 298 K and 101.3 kPa 11 Beryllium Magnesium 12 Mg 24.3 11 Na 23.0 4 Be 9.0 Lithium 3 Li 6.9 Hydrogen 1 H 1.0 19 K 39.1 Calcium 20 Ca 40.1 Sodium
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Flow Section 8.1‚ pages 216-219 2. Measurement of Heat Flow Section 8.2‚ pages 219-222 3. Enthalpy Section 8.3‚ pages 222-223 4. Thermochemical Equations Sections 8.4‚ pages 223-226 Written Assignment 1. Principles of Heat Flow Packet‚ page 3‚ questions 1-10 2. Phase Changes Packet‚ page 4‚ questions 1-14 3. Measurement of Heat Flow Page 241‚ exercises # 2‚ 4‚ 6 *4. Enthalpy and Heat of Formation Page 242‚ exercise # 16‚ 20‚ 34; packet‚ page 7‚ questions 1-6 ; page 8‚ questions
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titration or the point of neutralization occurs when the solution in the conical flask turn a light pink color. This is when you stop and immediately record the volume of oxalic acid used. The formula: H2C2O4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) --> Na2C2O4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l) Table 1.2 NaOH (COOH)2 Concentratiom 0.1M - Volume 10 mL 9.43 ± 3cm3 Moles 2 1 Solving the problem: (M1 x V1 )/n1 = (M2 x V2 )/n2 M2 = (M1V1n2)/n1V2 Molarity of oxalic acid = 0.05319 M Molar mass (M) of oxalic
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of bases. (7.01) Bases have a bitter taste‚ bases react with acids to produce salt and water (also called a neutralization reaction)‚ and solutions that are basic feel slippery. 8. Identify the BrØnsted-Lowry acid and base in the forward reaction below. (7.01) HCl + NaHCO3 H2CO3 + NaCl HCl is the BrØnsted-Lowry acid; NaHCO3 is the BrØnsted-Lowry base. 9. Write the neutralization reaction of
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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES □ Supplemental/Summer School □ Examinations of December /April/May □ /July □ 2009 Originating Campus: Cave Hill □ Mona St. Augustine □ Mode: On Campus By Distance □ Semester l Semester II Course Code and Title: CHEM1901 - INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY A Date: Duration: Time: 2 Hours. Paper No: 1 Materials required: Answer booklet: Calculator: (where applicable) Multiple Choice answer sheets: Programmable □ □ numerical
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Determination of Energy Balancing In a fuel cell power vehicle: http://www.scribd.com/doc/49625260/39/Fuel-Cell-Energy-Balances Fuel Cell * What is fuel cell * Why we need fuel cell * History of fuell cells * Mathematical methods * Classification of fuel cells * Parts of a fuel cell * Fuel Cell Setup * Modeling of fuel cell * Fuel cell system design * Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cell * Future scope of fuel cell Energy Balance in Fuel Cells
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