ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Carbon atoms: * Carbon-carbon bonds are not easily broken * Each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds * The C-H bond is almost non-polar Classifying organic compounds: * Number of carbon atoms in longest chain: meth‚ eth‚ prop‚ but‚ pent‚ hex‚ hept‚ oct‚ non‚ dec * If it is a branch: -yl; di‚ tri or tetra means there is more than one branch‚ ethyl means there are 2 carbons coming off the branch * If it is a ring of carbons put cyclo at the front of the
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To many people I am bread‚ mayonnaise‚ and breaded chicken. However to the digestive system I am carbohydrates‚ fat‚ and protein. When I am consumed‚ most of me is distributed in your body. However‚ what s not useful is expelled. The digestive system is meant to ingest food through your mouth‚ digest it is by breaking it down‚ ingest it to your bloodstream‚ and lastly excrete it through the anus. In this essay I will guide you through these four phases. Bread is made out of carbohydrates. In the
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In 1947‚ experiments in which small quantities of Ca2+ ions were injected directly into the cell showed that an increase in intracellular calcium led to skeletal contractions. However it was not until the early 1960s when the way calcium ions were stored in cells became clearer thanks to work from Ebashi and Lipmann. (Burgoyne and Petersen‚ 1997). Calcium signalling determines whether or not a cell is activated. It is determined by calcium-ON and calcium-OFF mechanisms. Calcium-ON is responsible
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1 of 20 The subatomic particles that play the greatest role in cellular chemical reactions are electrons. protons. neutrons. isotopes. Question 2 of 20 The structural unit that retains the properties of an element is the molecule. atom. cell. electron. Question 3 of 20 Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? Protons Neutrons Electrons A and B Question 4 of 20 The component of an atom or molecule that is most important
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ageing; there are also ways to slow it down. How and why ageing occurs are all under the guideline of DNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a complex molecule which consists of two strands coiled together to form a double helix. Nucleotides serve as the monomers of each two of the DNA strands. These nucleotides are composed of either one of the chemical bases: (A) adenine‚ (T) thymine‚ (C)
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Results and Discussions Cbes-AXE2 encodes a novel acetyl xylan esterase The CAZy database has grouped esterases acting on carbohydrates into 16 different families of carbohydrate esterases (CEs). AXEs (EC 3.1.1.72) acting on acetylated xylan are distributed in only 8 families – CE1-7 and 16. Among these‚ other than CE4‚ all other CEs belong to serine esterase and have the prototype catalytic triad Ser-His-Asp (Glu). Genralyy‚ the catalytic serine of the triad lies in a conserved motif of either
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Indicate whether each of the following statements about triglycerides is true or false. Indicate whether each of the following statements about triglycerides is true or false. 1. A triacylglycerol is composed of 3 glycerol molecules joined to a fatty acid. 2. The hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids vary in length as well as in the number and location of double bonds between the carbon atoms. 3. Fatty acids with one double bond in their hydrocarbon chain are called monounsaturated‚ while those with
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Biology Exam Review Unit One – Biochemistry What is an isotope? Isotope - An isotope is all atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons‚ but they may have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. - This means that all atoms with the same atomic number can have different atomic masses. - Because they have the same number of protons and electrons‚ they behave exactly the same in chemical reactions. Radioisotope - The nuclei of some isotopes of an element are unstable
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considerably smaller than that of reversible neutralization‚ Kinetic evidence shows that even a single Ab molecule can neutralize a virion. Such neutralization is generally produced by Ab molecules that establish contact with 2 antigenic sites on different monomers of a virion‚ greatly increasing the stability of the complexes. An example of
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backbone is that part of the chain on the main "path" linking a large number of repeat units together. To customize the properties of a plastic‚ different molecular groups "hang" from the backbone (usually they are "hung" as part of the monomers before the monomers are linked together to form the polymer chain). The structure of these "side chains" influence the properties of the polymer. This fine tuning of the properties of the polymer by repeating unit’s molecular structure has allowed plastics
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