THEORY: The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was discovered by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder and is very useful in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. The Diels-Alder reaction can be described as: [4+2] cycloaddition- a diene with 4 π electrons + 2π electrons from the dienophile; a pericyclic concerted reaction- meaning the reaction occurs in a single step (no intermediates) and involves a cyclic redistribution of bonding electrons. In order for a Diels-Alder reaction to take place
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EXPERIMENT 13： Extraction: Extraction with acid and alkali Objective 1. To recover the benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture from its mixture by using acid-alkali extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of the recovered benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene. Introduction Acid-base extraction is a process which purifying the acids and bases from mixtures based on their chemical properties. Acid-base extraction is performed to isolate the compounds and natural
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green pale violet • H+(aq) + NH3(aq) ←→ NH4 +(aq) B. Cobalt Ions • [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4CL- (aq) ←→[CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l) Part ii: Equilibrium Involving Sparingly Soluble Salts • 2AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ←→ Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) • 2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq)←→ Ag2CO3(s) Net ionic equation ^ • 2H+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ←→ H2CO3(aq); H2CO3(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) • Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)←→AgCl(s) • Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) ←→ [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) • I-(aq) + Ag+(aq)
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2 M NaBr 8. 0.2 M NaI 9. 0.2 M Na2SO4 10. 0.1 M Na2CO3 11. 0.2 M Na2C2O4 12. 1 M NaCl Data and Results Mg(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2 Ba(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 NaOH Cloudy Milky Cloudy Cloudy Milky NaCl No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction Powder NaBr No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction Cloudy NaI No reaction No reaction No reaction Cloudy Bright Yellow Na2SO4 No reaction No reaction White‚ yogurt-like Milky Milky Na2CO3 Milky Milky Powder White‚ cotton-like Powder Na2C2O4
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Analysis of Soda Ash and Volumetric Analysis of a Carbonate-Bicarbonate Mixture Manalo‚ Ma. Cristina Joyce B. Department of Chemical Engineering‚ Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas Espana‚ Manila A. Abstract Crude sodium bicarbonate or commonly known as soda ash may contain amounts of impurities like chlorides and hydroxides. The total acid neutralizing capacity of a soda ash sample‚ its alkalinity value‚ was stated in terms of mass of sodium carbonate. In doing so‚ any
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Isolation and Purification of Lyngbya majuscula on Nutrient-enriched Agar Plates A Special Problem Isolation and Purification of Lyngbya majuscula on Nutrient-enriched Agar Plates ABSTRACT Lyngbya majuscula samples were obtained from the Phycology Laboratory stock culture of the UPV Institute of Aquaculture. Five (5) mm fragments of these were inoculated into agar plates that used 1% agar concentration enriched with varying concentrations (1.0%‚ 1.5%‚ and 2.0%) of Hughes‚ et
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subscripts in the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms or ions. In the formula of an ionic compound‚ the sum of the ionic charges is always zero‚ which means that the total amount of positive change in equal to the total amount of negative charge. CaCl2 Subscripts in Formulas: A compound of magnesium and chlorine. To achieve an octet‚ a magnesium atom loses its two valence electrons to form Mg2+. Two Chlorine atoms each gain one electron from two Cl- ions. The two ions are needed to balance the
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Catalog Number 166-0003EDU Week 7: pGLO Transformation Introduction to Transformation In this lab you will perform a procedure known as genetic transformation. Remember that a gene is a piece of DNA which provides the instructions for making (codes for) a protein. This protein gives an organism a particular trait. Genetic transformation literally means change caused by genes‚ and involves the insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait. Genetic transformation
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Q.15 What type of reaction is represented by CaO +CO2 → CaCO3 (a)Combination (b) Decomposition (c) Displacement (d) Double displacement Q.16 Which of the following Cannot be decomposed by sunlight? (a)NaCl (b) CuCl2 (c)CaCl2 (d) none of these Q.17 Which of the following type of energy is used by living organisms to perform life
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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