Aim: To investigate the rate of reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid. Just from looking at the aim of the investigation I already know that a salt would be formed because a carbonate with an acid forms a salt. In this investigation the substance that is formed is Calcium Chloride‚ Water and Carbon Dioxide. The symbol equation for this is: CaCo3  Ca2+ + Co32- Hcl  H+ + Cl- Add these all together to get CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) --> Ca++(aq) + H2O + CO2(g) The rate of
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determine the exact concentration of a monobasic acid‚ HX‚a standard base solution is prepared. Then‚ a certain amount of standard base solution is titrated with the monobasic acid. This is an acid-base titration. The equation for the reaction is Na2CO3(aq) + 2HX(aq) → 2NaX(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Procedure: 1. Weight accurately about 13.20-13.50g of solid sodium carbonate in a small beaker. Dissolve this in the beaker. Transfer the solution and washing into a 250cm3 standard flask and make
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because the other anions would have created a precipitate in a different color. After centrifuging and separating the sample we added BaCl2 which resulted in another white precipitate. The reaction showed that Na2SO4 must have been present and not Na2CO3 because there was no brown precipitate formed in the previous reaction and Na2SO4 would have been the only anion to create a white precipitate with BaCl2. After adding both reagents it was clear that unknown sample 1 contained NaCl and
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Ba2+ | NaCl | White ppt‚ AgCl(soluble in 12M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent‚ 6M NH3) | White ppt‚ PbCl2(soluble in hot water‚ soluble in 12M HCl‚ soluble in sln of xs NaOH) | Soluble – no ppt | Soluble – no ppt | Soluble – no ppt | Na2CO3 | White ppt‚ Ag2CO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | White ppt‚ PbCO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | Blue ppt‚ CuCO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | Green ppt
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Despite following rigorous experimental procedures‚ there are limitations that exist‚ but were not addressed due to insufficient time and limited resources to carry out the experiment. Firstly‚ varying the length of boiling might not be the best method to determine the amount of calcium ions. If time permits‚ I could perhaps investigate other variables such as pH‚ surface area and concentration and their effect on calcium leaching. Moreover‚ I could also use other types of fish soup stocks and compare
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Synopsis: The main aim of the experiment is to find out the amount of calcium carbonate in toothpaste through back titration since calcium carbonate does not dissolve in water. A roughly weighed amount of calcium carbonate is mixed with hydrochloric acid and then titrated against sodium hydroxide. When the indicator turns from pink to orange‚ the volume of sodium hydroxide used is taken down. After doing some calculations‚ the average percentage of calcium carbonate in toothpaste is 19.2%. This average
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precipitate that has formed in the data table and “NR” if no precipitate has formed showing no sign of a reaction.Add a little water to each well and turn the well plate over on a paper towel. Throw the towel away and clean the plate. 1. H2CO3. 2. CaCl2 (aq)‚ H2CO3 (s). 3. Sodium Carbonate aqueous plus hydrogen Chloride aqueous yields Sodium Chloride plus Hydrogen Carbonate. 4. Well | Color | A1 | | A2 | | A3 | | A4 | | B1 | | B2 | | B3 | | B4 | | C1 | | C2 | |
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‘Kinetics’ is the study of chemical reactions. The speed of a reaction can vary depending on many variables such as the nature of the reactants‚ particle size‚ concentration and temperature. For a chemical reaction to occur‚ there must be a collision between reactants. The reaction rate is slower when the reactants are large and complex molecules because it takes longer for the molecules to combine together creating a chemical reaction. More than 2000 years ago‚ Democritus‚ who was a philosopher
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Experiment 2 Purpose: To determine energy lost by Calcium Chloride and gained by Ammonium Nitrate when dissolved in Water. Theory: Exothermic reactions are when net energy is lost in process of reaction. When solid calcium chloride (chemical formula CaCl₂) is placed in water‚ the calcium chloride dissolves and liberates heat in the process. Calcium chloride is one of the ingredients in instant "hot packs" sold in retail stores. Some concrete mixes incorporate calcium chloride to decrease drying
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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