|Chapter 5: | |Structure and Preparation of Alkenes. | |Elimination Reactions | Summary Alkenes contain the C=C functional group which can be prepared by 1‚2-elimination reactions such as: • dehydration of alcohols (- H2O) or • dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (- HX). Zaitsev’s rule indicates that the preferred product is the more highly substituted
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13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV) ALKYNES SYNOPSIS Alkynes are commonly known as acetylenes. Acetylene is the simplest and important member of the alkyne series. • Alkynes contain – C ≡ C – • General molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit
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Organic Farming versus Conventional Farming With the increase in concern about the dangers of the foods we consume‚ the demand for organic food has increased at an alarming rate. Conventional farming has been around for more than 100 centuries‚ and it is one of the most prosperous industries in the world. Organic farming on the other hand dates back to the 20th century. Sir Albert Howard is considered by many to be the pioneer of the organic movement (Heckman). Although some concepts of organic
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dianne.walton@ngc.com http://www.ncms-isp.org/NISPOM_200602_with_ISLs.pdf February 2006 NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DoD 5220.22-M February 28‚ 2006 FOREWORD As required by Executive Order 12829 and under the authority of DoD Directive 5220.22‚ “National Industrial Security Program (NISP)‚” September 27‚ 2004‚ this Manual reissues DoD 5220.22-M‚ “National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual
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THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules and atoms that are bonded together. These are among the largest of all chemical molecules. A. Polymers-the largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers
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Organic Chemistry‚ Fourth Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai’i Chapter 1 Lecture Outline Prepared by Layne A. Morsch The University of Illinois - Springfield Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Bonding • Bonding is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement. • Through bonding‚ atoms attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons (stable noble gas configuration). • Atoms can form either ionic or covalent
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ALCANTARA NATIONAL High SCHOOL Alcantara‚ Romblon TOMATO FRUITS (Lycopersicon Esculentum) AS CALLUS REMOVER A SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT BY: JACQUELINE M. GALARIO III-SSC S.Y. 2012-2013 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION: Tomato fruits are any fruit of the numerous cultivated varieties of Solanum Lycopersicum (formerly Lycopersicon Esculentum)‚ a plant of the nightshade family (Solanaceae); this fruit vary in diameter from 1.5 to 7.5 cm. or more and are usually red‚ scarlet
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Modifications to the National School lunch program menu making healthy students. June 2012 Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Research Statement ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Initial Research Question ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Review of literature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-8 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9-11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
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