The third is an examination of the sales tax as a consumption tax‚ and the other means of taxing consumption. The next section addresses trends in the sales tax base and the factors that have been altering the base. The final section is a discussion of the likely direction of sales taxes in the future. 1. Sales Tax History The imposition of transactions taxes can be found through much of modern civilization (see Buehler‚ 1940). Tomb paintings depict tax collectors in Egypt at least as early as 2000
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TAX IMPLICATIONS OF AMALGAMATION‚ DEMERGER AND REVERSE MERGER Prachi Mathur Roll No. 747 IX Semester‚ Business Law Honors INTRODUCTION The terms ‘Amalgamation’ or ‘Merger’ and ‘De-merger’ are not defined in the Companies Act‚ 1956. Chapter V of Part VI of Companies Act comprising sections 390 to 396A contain provisions regarding Compromises‚ Arrangement and Reconstructions. In the Companies Bill which has been passed by the Rajya Sabha on August 8‚ 2012‚ Chapter XV lays down provisions for
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What is Double Tax Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)? The “Double Tax Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)” or “Tax Treaty” is essentially bilateral agreements entered into between two countries‚ in our case‚ between India and another foreign state. The basic objective is to avoid taxation of income in both the countries (i.e. Double taxation of same income). Currently India has comprehensive DTAA or Tax Treaty with 84 other countries. Let’s take an example to understand how DTAA works; AnNRI residing in ABC
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Issue Did the corporation violate section 38 of the tax Act? The case addresses a tax payer’s questions the constitutional validity of section 38 of the tax Act‚ Corporation Tax Act‚ enacted on August 5‚ 1909‚ against the corporation. Rule “The tax is to be equivalent to 1 per cent of the entire net [220 U.S. 107‚ 145] income over and above $5‚000 received by such corporation or company from all sources during the year‚ excluding‚ however‚ amounts received by them as dividends upon stock of
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when a new corporation is formed or may reflect additional capital contributions to an existing corporation. Without Section 351‚ a sole proprietorship or a partnership would have difficulty adopting the corporate form of organization for legal and/or tax purposes because the transfer of appreciated property would constitute a taxable transaction in a recognized gain. The deferral of gain or loss under Section 351 can be justified because the assets have merely been transferred to a corporation that
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PERSONAL COPY/ NOT FOR SALE OR CIRCULATION (Session 2012-13) INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF INCOME-TAX: 1. India’ trust with income tax dates back to 1859 when James Wilson‚ Finance member in the Council of India‚ came to the country to establish the tax structure‚ a new paper currency and to remodel the finance system. 2. A bill imposing tax on profits from property‚ professions‚ trades and offices was passed by the Legislative Council of India. It received the assent of the Governor General on July
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History Income tax levels in India were very high during 1950-1980‚ in 1970-71 there were 11 tax slabs with highest tax rate being 93.5% including surcharges. In 1973-74 highest rate was 97.5%. But to reduce tax evasion tax rates were reduced later on‚ by "1992-93" maximum tax rates were reduced to 40%. [2][3] [edit]Residential status‚ Scope of taxable income & Charge [edit]Charge to Income-tax Whose income exceeds the maximum amount‚ which is not chargeable to the income tax‚ is an assesse
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INCOME TAX NOTES Residential Status and Incidence of Tax According to Section 5 of the Income Tax Act the scope of total Income of an assessee depends on his residential status.On the basis of residential status assessee are classified under the following two categories: 1. Resident 2. Non-resident. As per as resident individuals and Hindu Undivided Families are concerned‚ they can be further divided into two categories: 1. Ordinarily Resident 2. Not ordinarily Resident. Residential
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UK Tax System. The taxation structure which any country imposes has a direct impact on its accumulation and redistribution of wealth within its economy. The UK tax system is administered by Her Majesty Revenue and Custom (HMRC) and comprises of a number of taxes. Tax is collected directly or indirectly. Direct taxation is based on income and profits made by an individual. With the direct taxation‚ the taxpayer pays his tax directly to the government. Examples of direct taxes include income tax
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I would like to thank the European Chamber of Commerce in the Philippines‚ the ECCP‚ for inviting me to share my thought on the topic: “Analysis of the Health and Economic Implication of the Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages.” This occasion‚ I may say‚ is somehow a relief from the heavy emotion‚ grief‚ and indignation that engulfed the whole nation these past few days or so because of disturbing events. I’m sure you know what I mean. At the onset‚ I would like to point out that I support the
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