During much of the 1960s and 1970s‚ academic discussions of corporate capital structure routinely began with the assumption that a firm’s financing decisions had no material effect on its intrinsic economic value. Setting aside tax consequences and the possibility of a costly bankruptcy‚ the value of the firm was assumed to depend solely on the level and risk of a firm’s operating cash flows. And operating profitability in turn was assumed to depend entirely on corporate investment decisions that
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There may be a question on the midterm relating to discounting and present value. This topic is covered in Chapter 1 of your text. Here’s an example problem. The present value of a stream of income or expenses is found the following process. First‚ a discount rate‚ r‚ is selected that reflects the opportunity cost of funds involved. For example‚ a risk free discount rate may be equal to the current rate of Treasury securities‚ about 2.5% to 3% currently. A discount rate that reflects greater
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has the highest present value? a. A b. B c. C d. D 4. Opportunity cost is a. cost which has already been incurred and cannot be recovered b. the value of the best alternative foregone when a choice is made between two investments c. the cost incurred by the next unit of production d. the difference between book value and market value for an asset 5. The constant growth model (or “dividend discount model”) of stock valuation is based upon the premise that a. the value of a stock is
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regarding these methods‚ with the most commonly used being Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV). Each method encompasses positives and negatives; however if either are used without fully understanding what their prospective results reveal‚ mistakes can be made and under-estimations of return will happen. In a recent case Lockheed Martin chose to use the Internal Rate of Return to value their Tri Star project. We have determined this to be a mistake and‚ through this case analysis
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FIN/370 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions‚ which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response‚ and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliar
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Larry Yung‚ Chairman of Citic Pacific Limited‚ has a decision to make. He must decide if he should invest in property and build the “Citic Tower II”. Under the current conditions‚ the current net present value is negative‚ which is one of the factors that Larry is using to decide. Another concern is that the commercial real estate market is very cyclical in the area. Also‚ with the current economic conditions‚ there is not really a guarantee that the “Citic Tower II” will survive in the area‚ which
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salaries are paid at the end of each year‚ what is the best option for Ben –from a strictly financial standpoint? In this situation‚ there will be three options to choose from. From a strictly financial standpoint‚ it is better to calculate the net present value of those
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Mini-Case on Bethesda Mining Company was taken from the text corporate finance (2010‚ P. 203-204). In order to determine if Bethesda Mine should open‚ a thorough analysis of the payback period‚ profitability index‚ average accounting return‚ net present value‚ internal rate of return‚ and the modified internal rate of return have been conducted. Table 1. Cash flow on Investment Tax rate= 38% Year 0 Cash flow (outflow) on investment Opportunity cost of using land= $7‚000‚000 Cost
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Budgeting Methods for Corporate Project Selection In a 2001 Graham and Harvey survey of 392 chief financial officers (CFOs) asked “how frequently they used different capital budgeting methods?” Approximately 75% of the CFOs replied that they use net present value (NPV) or Internal Rate of Return (IRR) always or almost always (Smart‚ Megginson & Gitman‚ 2004‚ pg. 251). Projects are viewed as capital investments in the corporate world‚ and as such‚ are evaluated closely for their possible financial
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today’s value is the present value of an infinite stream of cash flows (i.e.‚ dividend). • But dividends are not fixed. • Not knowing the amount of the dividends—or even if there will be future dividends— makes it difficult to determine the value of common stock. • So what are we to do? Valuation Models • Dividend Valuation Model (DVM): – Constant dividend: Let D be the constant DPS: The required rate of return (re) is the return shareholders demand to compensate them for the time value of money
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