responses‚ which tend to average out individual variation. 3. Under certain experimental conditions (see Fig. 6)‚ one can make deductions about synaptic transmission from muscle twitch measurements. 4. Most electrophysiological studies at the frog neuromuscular junction require that contractions NOT occur‚ which makes it almost impossible to obtain population responses and to observe recruitment. LabScribe software and hardware (iWorx) were used for digital recording and stimulation. Twin-pulse facilitation
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Hyperhidrosis is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating in amount greater than what is physiologically necessary to maintain homeostasis [1-5]. This condition may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to an underlying disease or medication. Only primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) will be addressed in this work. Primary hyperhidrosis is a dermatological and neurological disorder caused by an abnormal activity of the eccrine sweat glands. A noteworthy portion of patients experiencing excessive sweating
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specific study is to compare the neuromuscular block reversal rates and effects for sugammadex‚ a selective relaxant binding agent‚ with neostigmine. In many types of surgery‚ there appears to be a benefit for the patient to be kept in a state of profound relaxation throughout the entire procedure. Anesthesiologists are usually hindered in this goal through the surgery in its entirety because of the inability of standard agents to rapidly reverse such profound neuromuscular block. This forces anesthesiologists
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The sliding filament theory is used to explain how muscles contract‚ this is shown by the 5 stages of the sliding filament theory. When the muscle contracts‚ the myosin filaments attach themselves to similar actin filaments‚ this attachment causes formation in chemical bonds this then forms the cross bridges. Myosin and actin molecules are made in a series‚ this series is what makes up a muscle cell. This basic module is called the sarcomere‚ these are what gives the tissue of a skeletal muscle its
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Neurophysiology Study Guide 1. Define "equilibrium potential". Why is the resting potential closer to the potassium equilibrium potential (EK+) than the sodium potential (ENa+)? The equilibrium potential is the point at which the force exerted on an ion by electrostatic and concentration gradient forces are balanced‚ and there is no net movement of that ion. The resting potential is closer to EK+ than ENa+ because the cell membrane is more permeable to
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scoliosis. Scoliosis is mainly now for its shaped S or C in the spinal column. Its twist and rotation‚have cause deformation in different parts of the section of the spine. Scoliosis can be cause by different ways such as congenital ‚idiopathic‚ neuromuscular‚and degenerative.Therefore‚ treatment varies from using braces to surgery depending its progression. Congenital scoliosis is a natural disease that
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Neuroscience: Neurotransmitters (small molecule and neuroactive)‚ storage release removal and disease. 1. The brain is made up of neurons that process and transmit information by electrochemical signaling. Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which relay‚ amplify‚ and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell. Chemical messengers must fulfill four criteria to be considered a transmitter. These four steps include the synthesis of a transmitter substance‚ the storage and release of
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BIO 1012 Anatomy and Physiology Lab The Nervous System II: Anatomy Review 1. The somatic nervous system stimulates __Smooth__ muscle. The autonomic nervous system stimulates _Skeletal___ muscle‚ __Cardiac___ muscle‚ and _Glands___. 2. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists two divisions‚ each innervating the effector organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) generally speeds up everything except digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) generally slows down everything
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Transport of vesicles facilitated by kinesin and the effects of mutations in nerve transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans Introduction A nerve cell is made up of three main structures: the soma‚ the axon and the synapse. When a nerve cell receives a signal‚ a protein called kinesin travels anterograde along the axon and guides the synaptic vesicles until it reaches the synapse. This triggers the release of the neurotransmitters stored within the vesicles. Once released‚ the neurotransmitters then
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Muscle Contraction Helpful links: Diagrams: http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/muscle.php http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap09/lecture1.html Good explanations: http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/muscle2.htm Quiz: http://www2.muw.edu/~jfortman/220practst2.html Flashcards: http://quizlet.com/17858377/physiology-ch-8-muscles-flash-cards/ http://quizlet.com/16553525/quiz-4-flash-cards/ http://quizlet
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