Preparation of a mixture of methyl‚ ethyl and 2-propyl salicylates and determination of % ratio by GC and HNMR spectroscopy INTRODUCTION: Figure 1: Formation of ester from carboxylic acid. MECHANISM: When the carboxylic acid is treated along with the acid catalyst and alcohol[R-OH]‚ It gives rise to the formation of ester along with water. Furthermore alcohol is used in an excess amount
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Introduction Spectrophotometer is an optical instrument that measures and shows how much light energy is transmitted by a substance in solution at different wavelengths of radiant energy. Light passes into a monochromator where only a very narrow range of wavelengths can pass through. From there‚ light is transmitted through a sample solution‚ and on to a phototube where the light energy is converted to an electric current that is registered on a meter. To measure the amount of light absorbed
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Name : Joanne Wong Student ID : 00000012636 (BM1/14) Title : Spectrophotometer and its function Introduction Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength.[1] It can measure any of the listed light ranges that usually cover around 200 nm - 2500 nm using different controls and calibrations. [1] There are a few types of spectrophotometer such as calorimeter‚ UV spectrometer‚ IR spectrometer‚ atomic
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Oppau Explosion 7. The Halifax explosion 8. The Texas City Disaster 9. June 3‚ 1989‚ natural gas explosion in the Ural Mountains 10. August 10‚ 2008‚ Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases explosion 11. The Piper Alpha explosion 12. 1924 Nixon Nitration Works explosion 13. Boston Molasses Disaster 14. the Donora Smog of 1948 15. The Phillips Disaster 16. The Bombay explosion 17. Cleveland East Ohio Gas Explosion 18. Enschede fireworks disaster 19. Flixborough disaster 20. Louisville sewer
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wintergreen oil. In this experiment the salicylic acid is reproduced using methyl salicylate‚ the major constituent of wintergreen oil and later compared to salicylic acid made from benzene. The purpose of this lab is to determine the difference between salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and salicylic acid made from benzene comparing the melting points of the two samples. II. Reactions and Properties M.W. m.p. b.p. d Methyl salicylate 152.1 -8 223 1.174 Salicylic acid 138.1 159 III
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Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate from Aspirin Esters are a class of organic compounds. An ester compromises an organic or inorganic acid in which one or more hydroxy (OH) groups have been replaced by and alkoxy (O-alkyl) group. For example‚ the simplest ester‚ methyl formate (CHOOCH3)‚ is made up of formic acid (CHO-OH) in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by a methoxy group (-OCH3). Similarly‚ ethyl acetate (CH3CO-OCH2CH3) is made up of acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) in which the hydroxy group
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reactions which is strong acid-weak base titration and weak acid-strong base titration will be investigated. Materials Chemicals 0.1M Hydrochloric acid‚ 0.1M acetic acid‚ 0.1M sodium hydroxide‚ 0.1M ammonium hydroxide‚ phenolphthalein‚ screened methyl orange‚ methyl orange Apparatus 100mL Beakers‚ 250mL Conical flasks‚ 50mL Burettes‚ 25mL Pipettes‚ Pipette fillers‚ Funnels‚ pH meters Procedure The experiments are carried out according to the procedures that stated in Experiment (1): Investigation of the
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benzene‚ propanoic acid‚ 3-methyl-1-butanol‚ 2-methyl-1-butanol‚ butanoic acid‚ 2-methyl butanoic acid‚ 3-methyl butanoic acid‚ 4-methyl pentanoic acid‚ phenol and benzaldehyde. It has been reported that TMA‚ benzaldehyde and 4 to 7 carbon chain acids are the most important contributors to the aroma of fish sauce. 3-Methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal were also present at concentrations greater than their thresholds of 0.2 and 3 ppb‚ respectively [14‚15]‚ in addition 2-methyl and 3-methylbutanal‚ dimethyldisulfide
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Abstract By adding HCl to 2-methyl-2-butanol‚ through the Sn1 mechanism‚ 2-chloro-2-methylbutane is formed. Water‚ sodium bicarbonate and NaCl(aq) were then added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane to remove any of the excess water from the reaction. To confirm‚ a successful reaction‚ AgNO3 was added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. A white precipitate formation confirmed a successful Sn1 reaction. Introduction Nucleophilic substitution reactions such as Sn1 and Sn2 allow us to convert one functional
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or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon‚ it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons‚ it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons‚ it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol‚ the reactivity of each should be impacted. This means that all three alcohols should have a different level of reactivity. The hydrogen atom
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