between them through until the initial connection is terminated. Without state-based connection monitoring and filtering‚ web pages would not display information as users would expect. This is because firewalls filter traffic using a combination of IP and port number. Web servers usually use port 80‚ but web based applications. Just as internet browsers‚ choose a random port number to listen on when a request is initiated. Without state-based filtering when the listening port number changes‚ the
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Exercise 3.2.1 Physical: The hardware such as cables‚ NIC card‚ and hub Data Link: The protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes (The switches and MAC addresses) Network: Sends the information (IP address and routers) Transport: allows communication for the application (UDP datagram) Session: manages the session between the user and the application (control and tunneling protocols) Presentation: translates the applications encryption (SSL/TLS) Application: this is
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to standardize networking of devices from different vendors. The OSI reference model is mostly an architecture blueprint that networking and computer device manufacturers implement. The OSI model has never been implemented exactly as defined. The TCP/IP protocol stack is the closest implementation available today. Application Layer (7) This layer represents the various network applications such as e-mail reader‚ Web browser‚ Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)‚ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)‚
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Troubleshooting BGP Philip Smith PacNOG 2 Workshop Apia‚ Samoa 18-24 June 2006 PacNOG 2 Workshop © 2006 Cisco Systems‚ Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Agenda • Fundamentals of Troubleshooting • Local Configuration Problems • Internet Reachability Problems PacNOG 2 Workshop © 2006 Cisco Systems‚ Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Fundamentals: Problem Areas • First step is to recognise what usually causes problems • Possible Problem Areas: Misconfiguration Configuration
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engineers managing ISPs. 1 1 Introduction On a typical day‚ KaZaA has more than 3 million active users sharing over 5‚000 terabytes of content. On the University of Washington campus network in June 2002‚ KaZaA consumed approximately 37% of all TCP tra±c‚ which was more than twice the Web tra±c on the same campus at the same time [8]. With over 3 million satis¯ed users‚ KaZaA is signi¯cantly more popular
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Describe the function of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). (Minimum word count: 50) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) centralizes and manages the allocation of the TCP/IP configuration by automatically assigning IP addresses (and other configuration information) to computers on a TCP/IP network. Any IP-enabled device can be configured to use DHCP as long as it has access to an Ethernet connection. 4. Why are network drives considered a safe place to store user documents? (Minimum
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Windows Server 2003. a. This screenshot demonstrate that the only port left open is the remote desktop port tcp 3389. All other open ports are been removed from Window 2003. 4. Vulnerable open ports removed from Windows Server 2008. a. Demonstrate that the enable inbound rule are set for Windows 2008. b. This screenshot demonstrate that the only two port left open is the remote desktop port tcp 3389‚ and 80 http. All other open ports are been removed from Window 2008. Parts II 1. What is the first
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settings for installations and configurations on the operating systems. By removing unnecessary systems that are running‚ it will help to secure unused and open ports. 2. Remote access Use tunneling and encryption protocols. restrict access to only the ips needed to do the job. 3. Separate development / testing / production environment Development should be done on development servers‚ testing on its server and production on its environment. 4 .Web application content and server-side scripting
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b d) none of these? 11) Delayed AGC is used for which purpose? 12) Question based on the value of mirroring? 13) Question based on RAID. 14) Bridge is used for which of the OSI layer? 15) questions are based on various OSI layer and TCP/IP. 16) Which type of feedback is used in amplifier a) +ve b) -ve c) both a and b d) none of these? 17) question based on i/p impedance of transmission line of a given wavelength. 18) What is three things for workstations of DNS server? 19)
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31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam Second Edition Allan Johnson Cisco Press • 800 East 96th Street • Indianapolis‚ Indiana 46240 USA 31 Days Before Your CCNA Exam A Day-by-Day Review Guide for the CCNA 640-802 Exam Second Edition Allan Johnson Copyright® 2009 Cisco Systems‚ Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis‚ IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means‚ electronic or mechanical
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