The Reformation: Martin Luther and the End of Christian Religious Unity By the early 1500s‚ many people in Western Europe were growing increasingly discontented and displeased with the Christian Church. Many found the Pope too involved with secular (worldly) matters‚ rather than with his flocks spiritual well-being. Lower church officials were poorly educated and broke vows by living richly and keeping mistresses. Some officials practiced simony‚ or passing down their title as priest or bishop
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1. What were the ’disasters’ that Europe suffered during the fourteenth century‚ and what were their consequences? (Short Answer). There were many disasters during the fourteenth century for instance‚ The Black Death and the revolts and repression‚ The Hundred Years War‚ The Babylonian Captivity‚ and The Great Schism all of which lead to many consequences. The Black Death was a horrible plague that hit Europe in the 1200 to 1600 time frame‚ wiping out about a third of its population. The disease
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Siani Bland AP US History Summer Reading Assignment Assignment: Complete the selected readings and submit a written essay. Essay Choice #3 Using Chapters 1&2 of Liberty‚ equality and power‚ compare and contrast the British‚ French‚ and Spanish imperial goals in North America between 1580 and 1763. British Imperial Goals in North America between 1580 and 1763 In 1580 Francis Drake completed his second circumnavigation
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Theses) 1527 Sack of Rome‚ crucial imperial victory by HRE against France and Italian States 1543 Copernicus’s On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres; Vesalius’s Structure of the Human Body 1545-1563 Council of Trent 1555 Peace of Augsburg (cuius regio‚ eius religio) 1572 Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1584-1589 War of Three Henrys (Henry III‚ Henry IV/Navarre‚ Henry of Guise) 1588 British defeat Spanish Armada 1598 Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes 1600 Chartering of
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The Reformation According to the Roman Catholic Church‚ salvation was only possible to Christians who followed the pope and that those who did not accept the Church nor accept the pope as the representative on earth of God‚ would be damned for all eternity (Arnold). This would be the churches philosophy for a long period of time‚ as the church grew and grew‚ gaining political and economic power over every aspect of the community. This was changed by a movement called The Reformation .This movement
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greatly affected how certain countries were ruled. In 1531 the Schmalkaldic League was enacted by German Nobles who opposed the Catholic-Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor‚ Charles V. This resulted in a German civil war‚ which ended in 1531 with the Peace of Augsburg (Political Changes). This peace treaty allowed for the prince of any German state to decide whether their land would be Catholic or Lutheran‚ which stopped fighting between the Schmalkaldic League and the Holy Roman Empire‚ but also diminished the
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seeking have been uncovered by McEntegart. He argues that‚ whilst security still remained a top priority‚ the king also had theological reasons for discussing with the Schmalkaldic League‚ exemplified by his considerations‚ at least on aspects of the Augsburg confession‚ in order to assist in creating uniformity in the Church. Furthermore he reveals the great plays of Cromwell’s faction in this period against the conservatives in order to further his heretical cause. This in turn led to Henry more closely
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originally a debate between Johann Eck‚ who defended the Catholic church and doctrine‚ and Andreas Karlstadt‚ a Christian cleric. It did not end particularly well for Luther; his ideas were thought to be heretical. A similar situation occurred in 1518‚ in Augsburg‚ when he had an interview with Cardinal Cajetan; it turned into a full blown theological debate. It seems that Luther was quite argumentative and steadfast in his teachings. They even garnered a papal response from the pope at that time‚ Exsurge
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A ABSOLUTISM VS CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (THE STATE IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE‚ 1450-1750) 1. The Dynastic Territorial State (DTS) in Early Modern Europe: Absolutism vs. Constitutional Monarchy. Early modern Europe – defined approximately as the period between 1450 and 1750 – was a revolutionary era during which political‚ economic‚ social‚ and intellectual upheavals abounded. The late medieval period witnessed political struggles between monarchs and nobles and between church and state. Renaissance
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painter. Then‚ I will examine the characteristics of the people and the objects in the painting. Lastly‚ I will attempt to identify the meaning of the painting. ❦About Han Holbein Hans Holbein the younger was a German artist born in Augsburg‚ Bavaria. He was an outstanding portrait and religious painter and his works ranges from woodcuts‚ glass paintings‚ illustrating books‚ portraits and altarpieces. Hans Holbein was also the appointed court painter to Henry VIII of England in 1536
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