prior permission from the Society 155 Legal and Criminological Psychology (2006)‚ 11‚ 155–177 q 2006 The British Psychological Society The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk Invited article A fundamental attribution error? Rethinking cognitive distortions† Shadd Maruna1* and Ruth E. Mann2 1 2 Queen’s University Belfast‚ Northern Ireland‚ UK HM Prison Service‚ London‚ UK The notion of ‘cognitive distortion’ has become enshrined in the offender treatment literature
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Nursing research is the process that underpins all the other things we have talked about. How was it determined that one particular way of carrying out nursing care was better than another way? How was it decided that a particular framework of understanding will explain certain behaviors better than another? When we discussed frameworks of understanding or conceptual models earlier in the course you learnt that there are various ways of viewing mental illness were discussed and the treatments were
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As mentioned above‚ different strategies have been implemented to prevent the unfavorable effects of medical errors‚ particularly mistakes in medication administration. Because of medication errors‚ the patients’ mortality went up‚ which costs the U.S. healthcare systems billions of dollars yearly. It was also reported that every year‚ there are approximately 450 000 unfavorable medication circumstances of which 25 percent could have been prevented‚ that caused an injury to the patient. Therefore
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Decision-making is an imperative part of nursing. In order to make a decision many factors have to be evaluated for a conclusion to be made. This process is involved in every aspect of patient care and a higher level of thinking is necessary when carried out by a nurse. Critical thinking involves examining the data‚ weighing its evidence‚ and selecting a decision based on the best rational criteria. This is important because decision-making by nurses has a direct effect on the care they deliver to
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Communication Errors When information is transferred back and forth among the various parts of a computer‚ or transmitted from the earth to the moon and back‚ or‚ for that matter‚ merely left in storage‚ a chance exists that the bit pattern ultimately retrieved may not be identical to the original one. Particles of dirt or grease on a magnetic recording surface or a malfunctioning circuit may cause data to be incorrectly recorded or read. Static on a transmission path may corrupt portions of the
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Comparison Paper Cynthia Vidaurre University of Phoenix: NRS 408 Sabrina Johnson Chimienti‚ RN‚ CNS‚ DNP October 2‚ 2014 Public Health is the life line of a community. It is more important to believe in prevention by means of education and programs rather than treatment when a health issue has surfaced or gotten out of control. By a partnership being built amongst a Public Health Nurse‚ neighborhood clinics‚ Local health departments‚ larger hospitals and schools a neighborhood can have the
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Road Accidents caused by human error Evaluate the effectiveness of a law legislation that has been enforced to reduce road accidents caused by human error. Every day in our society it is said that according to statistics 90% of road accidents are caused by human error through the use of speeding‚ phones and alcohol. There have been a number of laws and legislation that has been emplaced to decrease the number of accidents caused by human error which include No phones are being used while driving
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The Comedy of Errors On October 5‚ 2014 I attended a performance at 2nd Stage Theater called “The Comedy of Errors.” This is a play written by William Shakespeare and directed by J. Daniel Herring‚ who has a 20 year career on stage. He has directed premieres including “The Great Gilly Hopkins” which played in New York and is currently directing “The Normal Heart” at Stageworks Fresno. This play is one of Shakespeare shortest plays and very comical. The story takes place in the
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Discuss two errors in attributions Attribution bias is the illogical reasoning behind people’s decisions about one’s own and others’ behaviour by giving objective views on situations‚ it is essentially faults in a process of elucidation and can lead to errors in interpretation of our own and other’s behaviour because: a) People are ‘cognitive misers’ – we do not examine all the evidence provided or we take mental shortcuts (linking to social cognition) to reach a conclusion‚ leading to wrong
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Basic Concepts of Error Analysis 1. Significant Figures: The laboratory usually involves measurements of several physical quantities such as length‚ mass‚ time‚ voltage and current. The values of these quantities should be presented in terms of Significant Figures as follows. For example‚ the location of the arrow is to be determined in Fig. 1. It is obvious that the location is between 1 cm and 2 cm. The correct way to express this location is to make one more estimate based on your intuition
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