that can help find out what pleases or causes pain to those in a rather large group. If a questionnaire comes back with responses that state levels of the pleasure or pain felt‚ one can use those to factor into the Principle of Utility and the Utilitarian
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should not be. As an example I would take the case of an individual or corporation exporting capital for the purpose of increasing return on investment by seeking lower labor cost abroad or other beneficial skills. Based on utilitarian theory‚ there would be no ethical objection to capital export. Based on what we have studied on the book utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by the total outcome it produces in the society or in the business environment it is applied
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Conventional Morality and Ethical Relativism I - Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory The theory holds that moral reasoning‚ the basis for ethical behavior‚ has six identifiable developmental stages‚ each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development | | | | | Level One: Pre-conventional Morality | Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation | | Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation | Level Two: Conventional
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individual can decide if their actions are worth doing to another person by weighing if the person would want the action done to them. The Kantian point of view is completely different from the Utilitarian point of view because the Kantian point of view deals with the individual‚ whereas the Utilitarian point of view deals with the group and the needs of the group. When you hear the words “basic human rights” or the word “right‚” normally that responds to the individual‚ and rights in many cases
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ethics‚ justice is defined as fairness‚ where all situations should be treated alike. For one to exhibit justice‚ one must portray the quality of being fair and reasonable in all situations. While egalitarians evaluate justice based on equality‚ utilitarians are only interested in justice as a means to an end. Smart advocates the principle of utility‚ which defines the morally action as whatever produces the greatest net happiness for everyone affected by that act. To identify an act as just‚’ Rawls
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In this paper I will argue that we‚ citizens in rich countries‚ have a moral obligation to donate most of our wealth to poor countries. In “Famine‚ Affluence and Morality”‚ Singer‚ a utilitarian‚ argues‚ “The way people in relatively rich countries react to a situation like that in Bengal cannot be justified; indeed‚ the whole way we look at moral issues-our moral conceptual scheme needs to be altered‚ and with it‚ the way of life that has come to be taken for granted in our society”. (230).“Suffering
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promotes the greatest utility. Looking at an example will help to understand this view. Suppose a student‚ Alex‚ cheats on an exam and is caught doing so. Most would agree that what Alex did was wrong and that he should be punished. From an Act-Utilitarian point of view‚ expelling Alex would do multiple things. It would prevent him from cheating further as well as deterring other students from cheating in the future. The harm that will come to Alex from his expulsion does not outweigh the benefit
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Under what conditions (if any)‚ should human reproductive cloning be permitted? Kubiak‚ J.Z. and Johnson‚ M.H. (2001). Human Infertility‚ Reproductive Cloning and Nuclear Transfer: a Confusion of Meanings. Bioessays‚ 23(4)‚ 359-64. This article argues that confusions in the semantic meanings of human reproductive cloning may hinder future scientific progressions to discover an ethically viable solution to infertility treatments. Kubiak and Johnson postulates that the term “nuclear transfer”
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motivation... the sad eyes of famished orphans in Africa coupled with pleas for aid leaves one who is sitting on a comfortable couch with their hand deep in a bag of chips remorseful enough to reach for their wallet with their free hand. Peter Singer’s Utilitarian theory highlights this phenomenon and argues that people living in abundance while others are starving is “morally indefensible”. His reasoning is that if you are already living a comfortable life‚ purchasing anything to pursue more comfort is morally
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Mearl oil company case review The case is about a manager environmental support system of Mearl Oil Company named Leslie Milne which noticed that there are serious potential environmental and health hazard problems in areas which industrial facilities were discharging wastewater into open ditches. According to this discovery‚ company made a memorandum of wastewater discharge‚ environment and health standard to all Mearl subsidiaries which were then called by Environmental Impact Targets (EITs)
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