R for Programmers Norman Matloff University of California‚ Davis c 2007-8‚ N. Matloff December 4‚ 2008 IMPORTANT NOTICE: This document is no longer being maintained. My book on R programming‚ The Art of R Programming‚ is due out in August 2011. You are welcome to use an early draft at http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/˜matloff/132/NSPpart.pdf; it was about 50% complete and contains bugs‚ but should be useful. Licensing: This work‚ dated December 4‚ 2008‚ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No
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equivalence classes modulo 12: Every integer is congruent to exactly one of the numbers from 1 to 12‚ just as the hour on the clock always reads exactly one of the numbers from 1 to 12. These are given by 12n + 1‚ 12n + 2‚ 12n + 3‚ ...‚ 12n + 11‚ 12n as n ranges over the integers. In a sense‚ a number system with addition and multiplication but in which the only numbers that exist are from 1 to 12 is created and this enables one to “count” time more easily. Bibliography: Eric S. Rowland. (No
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true to be executed. 2. Duel Decision Structure- Tests a condition and executed if true. 3. Multiple alternative decision structure- Tests the value of a variable to determine which statements to execute. 4. AND operator- combines more than one condition in a program. Makes a compunf Boolean operation. 5. OR operator- Creates an expression that is true when with of the expressions are true. 6. And operator - If the number is not within the range then it comes back false. 7. Flag-
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(Integer Ref value) 2. Set value = 0 3. End Module 6 Not Sure what is going to happen because I wrote that whole program and nothing happen. The Value is passed into the parameter value on this program module though. 7 Same with this one actually wrote it to see and nothing happen. The argument is passed into a special type of parameter on this program module. Programming Exercise 1 1. Module KiloConverter ( Integer value) 2. Declare Integer miles 3.
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| Contents Introduction 2 Abstract 2 The Chemistry behind Liesegang Rings 3 Safety considerations 4 Procedure 1a 5 Results 6 Analyses 7 Procedure 1b 8 Results 10 Analyses 12 Procedure 1c 13 Results 14
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Multiple Choice 1) Module 2) Divide and Conquer 3) Header 4) Call 5) Return 6) Top-down Design 7) Flowchart 8) Local Variable 9) Scope 10) Argument 11) Parameter 12) By Value 13) By Reference 14) Global variable 15) Global True or False 1) False 2) True 3) True 4) False 5) True 6) False 7) False 8) True 9) True 10) False 11) True 12) False Short Answers 1) You can call the module several times instead of writing it out each time. 2) The header is the starting point
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to develop a major theme within a work. In One Hundred Years of Solitude there are several motifs that contribute to conveying the theme of a cycle of solitude that the characters are unable to escape from. In his novel‚ Gabriel Garcia Marquez creates an imaginary town called Macondo where the inseparability of the past‚ present and future becomes clearly evident. Although this town was once secluded from the world it was transformed over a span of one hundred years by births‚ deaths‚ marriages
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Exile in One Hundred Years of Solitude The word “exile” is rarely brought to mind in today’s busy society. With the current technological advances‚ there are few people in the world living in complete solitude. A modern man may wonder “Why would a person want to live in isolation?” As outlandish the concept sounds‚ it can be a stirring experience that exposes one’s great potential. Gabriel García Márquez attempts to illustrate perspective of solitude with the Buendías in One Hundred Years of Solitude
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The manager of the Super Supermarket would like to be able to compute the unit price for products sold there. To do this‚ the program should input the name and price of an item and its weight in pounds and ounces. Analysis Process: 1. Display program title. 2. Prompt for item name. 3. Prompt for price of item. 4. Prompt for weight of item in pounds. 5. Prompt for weight of item in ounces. 6. Convert pounds to ounces then add it to input ounces. 7. Dived price total by ounces. 8. Display
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GLOBAL CODE ALGORITHM Get the data point from the STL file. These points are saved in form of Matrices. For Example‚ the Vertex matrix is saved a 3-dimensional matrix‚ having 3 vertices for each face‚ and each vertex have three coordinates. So the size of the matrix V will be D1x3x3‚ where D1 is the number of faces. In order to simplify mesh‚ we have used the method where we combine the two vertices of the face if they are less than a threshold value‚ say t= 1.1 units. For a particular face Fn
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