CHEM 101 – General Chemistry I Chapter 2 Reading Assignment Pages 31 - 60 2.1 – What is Matter Made Of? Who 1st discovered atoms – Democritus where the first person to discover atoms. His followers would often think that there were multiple kinds of atoms and not just plain atoms. 2.2 – How Do We Classify Matter? Elements – A substance that consists of identical atoms. Today there are 116 known elements. Example – C= Carbon; H= Hydrogen Compounds – A pure substance made up of two or more elements
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______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Electron Configuration Vocabulary: atomic number‚ atomic radius‚ Aufbau principle‚ chemical family‚ diagonal rule‚ electron configuration‚ Hund’s rule‚ orbital‚ Pauli exclusion principle‚ period‚ shell‚ spin‚ subshell Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Elvis Perkins‚ a rather shy fellow‚ is getting on the bus shown at right. Which seat do you think he will probably sit in
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The energies effect metal dp orbitals that possess the same symmetry. Dxz a Dyz have the egp symmetry which have the ability to overlap eg(p*). This effect is similar to pi backbonding where the electron density is donated by a metal to a ligand with p* orbitals. When these orbitals interact with each other‚ porphyrin eg(p*) orbitals are lowered in energy‚ but metal dp orbtials are raised in energy due the orbitals having the same symmetry. This is evident when the Q and
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3.1 & 3.2 Chemistry Notes Dalton * In 1805‚ John Dalton reintroduced the idea to explain 3 fundamental principles Experimental Work * Atoms of different elements have different properties * Law of definite proportion and multiple compositions: atoms of 2 or more elements can combine in a fixed ratio to form new substances depending on their combining capacities (eg. H2O vs H2O2) * Law of conservation of mass: atoms cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
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their molar tooth-row compared to the Carnivores which we believe would have more canine teeth. However‚ we did not test their amount of canines. Carnivores are predicted to have wider skulls as compared to Herbivores. This means that the value of bi-orbital length divided by the skull length should be higher for carnivores than herbivores (Figure 4). Dividing each length by the total averaged them all
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(metals) don’t hold valence electrons tightly valence electron orbitals are diffuse (large distances away from nucleus) Atoms with high e.n. (nonmetals) hold valence electrons tightly valence electron orbitals are less diffuse (smaller) When atoms interact together‚ their valence orbitals “overlap” to form bonds. Metals: Weak Covalent Bonds (Metallic Bonding) Atomic orbitals mix to form a continuous band of orbitals that are very close in energy valence band Low electronegativity
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DISCUSSION NO. 3 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS Members: Salvador‚ Kim Kristal G. Sanchez‚ Jhoana Marie V. Santeco‚ Francesca Anya C. Sy‚ Shane Francheska Lei Dayanne S. Ureta‚ Nheimelyn E. INUR-7 GROUP 10 HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE The discoveries of elements stole a long period of time. As a matter of fact‚ several elements were mentioned in Biblical accounts and Koran. However‚ it was in the 19th century where they get to discover a lot of element. And as the number of
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Sun (6 10-3) and put in a closed form with respect to the eccentricity. The theory includes secular perturbations up to the fourth order‚ short‚ intermediate and long period perturbations up to the third order. The osculating orbital elements which describe the orbital motion of Nereid are evaluated analytically. The comparison with the numerical integration of the equations of motion gives an accuracy on the level of 0.2 km in the semimajor axis‚ 10-7 in the eccentricity and 10-4 degree in the
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net positive charge). An atom’s electrons have different levels of energy‚ depending on several factors‚ including their speed and distance from the nucleus. Electrons of different energy levels occupy different orbitals. Generally speaking‚ electrons with greater energy move in orbitals farther away from the nucleus. When an atom gains or
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the outer orbitals are filled with applicable number of electrons the element tends to becomes chemically stable under normal conditions. Zirconium atomic structure contains 40 electrons. The nearest noble gas element to zirconium is Krypton‚ which contains 36 electrons.... Electronic configuration for zirconium is given below: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2 b. Use the diagram to explain why the Zr4+ ion exists. (2 marks) When the outer orbitals are filled
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