cake also had higher values in the ash‚ crude fibre‚ protein and carbohydrate contents. The undefatted moringa seed flour had higher fat content of 45.84 %. Moringa cake flour had higher values in all the mineral contents determined. The phytate‚ oxalate and tannin contents of the defatted moringa seed flour were higher than the undefatted flour. Acid‚ peroxide and saponification values were 7.09 mg/g‚ 5.96 Meq/kg and 80.31 mg/g respectively. The lower iodine value signifies low degree of unsaturation
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models a. Lewis structures TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic Bonding - positive metal ions held together in a lattice with a “sea of electrons” An actual chemical bond is a blend of all three types of bonding. Most often‚ one type is dominant over others. We will concentrate on ionic and covalent bonding. LEWIS STRUCTURES Only valence electrons
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acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base‚ known as oxalate (C2O42−)‚ is a chelating agent for metal cations. Typically‚ oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O. Oral consumption of oxalic acid or prolonged skin contact is dangerous. Malic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2CHOHCO2H. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms‚ contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits‚ and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric
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needs. Hard water is caused by metal ions (salts) being dissolved in the ground water. We measure hardness in water in terms of CaCO3 as the Ca2+ ion is greater than the concentration of any other metal. Hard water does cause soap scum‚ clog pipes and clog boilers. Soap scum is formed when the calcium ion binds with the soap. This causes an insoluble compound that precipitates to form the scum you see. Soap actually softens hard water by removing the Ca2+ ions from the water. When hard water is heated
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different challenges • Some invertebrates such as earthworms have excretory organs called matanephridia that expel wastes from the body. o A fluid that serves as both interstitial fluid and bood known as hemolymph flows into a pair of metanphridia. o Ions and wastes are reabsorbed from the hemolymph and secreted with water into a saclike organ called the bladder. From there‚ the excess water and waste products are secreted to the external environment through a poke in the side of the worm’s body.
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diagnosed and what complications might arise if Mr Jagger remains untreated? Renal calculi‚ also known as kidney stones‚ occur when glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron‚ where urine is concentrated with stone-forming salts (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Ions in the urine are capable of forming solid salts that can grow into stones (Bagga et Al.‚ 2013). Through the process of crystallization‚ a small nidus grows into a large stone when urine is supersaturated (Craft and
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stone compositions are calcium oxalate‚ calcium phosphate‚ magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)‚ uric acid‚ and cystine. Calcium–based stones are the most common‚ causing more than 75% of cases‚ and calcium oxalate is the most common type of stone overall. A rare but increasingly recognized cause of nephrolithiasis is the use of the protease inhibitor indinavir in treating HIV patients. Kidney Stone type | Population | Circumstances | Details | Calcium oxalate | 80% | when urine is acidic (low
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Project Report Use of Lithium Iron Phosphate for Improvement of Lithium Ion Battery safety and Efficiency Synthesis‚ Characterization and Applications Mentor: Dr. Teyeb Ould Ely Guide: Dr. Richa Krishna Dhritiman Chakraborty A1217413001 MSMT Nanotechnology IInd Year Semester 3 Characterization: Raman Spectroscopy From the above chart it is clear that the material synthesized was not LiPO4. The XRD done later confirms this. Characterization: X-Ray Diffraction Table3.1. Synthesis
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Experiment #10 & #11 The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate The Synthesis of a Nitrite Complex February 5‚ 2012 Chemistry 1211L - 146 - Spring 2012 Procedure The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate Place 100 ml of distilled water in a 250-ml (or 400-ml) beaker. Add 1.26g of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4.2H2O) and 1 ml of concentrated ammonia. Stir the mixture until the solid has dissolved completely. Dissolve 2.34 g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2.6H2O) in 100 ml of water
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INVESTIGATION 12.A Target Skills Determining the reactivity of various metals Testing Relative Oxidizing and Reducing Strengths of Metal Atoms and Ions By observing whether reactions occur between solid metals and metal ions in solution‚ you can determine the order of oxidizing and reducing agents according to strength. Question How can the presence or absence of a reaction provide information about the relative strength of oxidizing and reducing agents? Safety Precautions
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