electrolysis‚ or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery‚ it is an electrochemical reaction. In contrast‚ chemical reactions where electrons are transferred between molecules are called oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions. In general‚ electrochemistry deals with situations where oxidation and reduction reactions are separated in space or time‚ connected by an external electric circuit to understand each process. |Contents
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electrode and electrolyte and a salt bridge. In a galvanic cell one metal can undergo reduction and the other oxidation. A typical galvanic cell is based on the spontaneous redox reaction: Net Ionic Equation Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Half Equations Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e– Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s) The anode will undergo reduction (Zinc) and the cathode will undergo oxidation (Copper) The two half cells must be physically separated so that the solutions do not mix together. A salt
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eukaryotic organelles (mitochondria‚ chloroplasts) CELLULAR RESPIRATION GLUCOSE 1 2 GLYCOLYSIS 1 PYRUVATE OXIDATION2 KREBS CYCLE 3 2 ELECTRON TRANSPORT 4 CHAIN 2 NET ATP PRODUCED = 36 Nelson‚ 2003 Redox Reactions • Reduction-oxidation reactions – Transfer electrons from donor to acceptor atoms • Donor is oxidized as it releases electrons • Acceptor is reduced as it accepts electrons Cellular Respiration Series of chemical reactions and electron exchanges that convert
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! ! To review oxidation-reduction reactions and their stoichiometry. To learn the concept and technique of redox titration. To determine the percent (m/v) of an active ingredient‚ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)‚ in a commercial bleaching agent. B. Theoretical Background Whereas acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton‚ oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another‚ resulting in changes in oxidation numbers of two or more
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Writing Half Reaction and Net Ionic Equation Going back to our first concept or topic‚ we’ve learn how to identify the Oxidizing and Reducing agent and the Oxidation as well as the Reduction. In this part of the Redox reaction or in this step‚ it is very important that you already know the Oxidizing and Reducing agent for us to find the half reaction. In this step or part‚ we will also learn how to balance using the addition of electrons in both sides if necessary. After this step we can now write
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colorless‚ the end point in the titrations using potassium permanganate as the titrant can be taken as the first permanent pink color that appears in the solution. This titration involves the oxidation of Fe2+ ions to Fe3+ ions by the permanganate ion‚ and is carried out in sulfuric acid solution to prevent the air oxidation of the ferrous ion. The end point of the titration is sharpened markedly if phosphoric acid is present. The reason being the Fe3+ ion by itself has a yellow color that can partly mask
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DOWNLOADED FROM WWW.STUDIESTODAY.COM DOWNLOADED FROM WWW.STUDIESTODAY.COM d – AND f – BLOCK ELEMENTS Electronic Configuration of Transition Metal/Ions The d-block element is called transition metal if it has partly filled d-orbitals in the ground state as well as in its oxidised state. The general electronic configuration of transition metal is (n–1) d1–10ns1–2. Exceptions in electronic configuration are due to (a) very little engery difference between (n–1) d and ns orbitals and (b) extra stability
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Oxidation-Reduction Worksheet For each reaction below‚ identify the atom oxidized‚ the atom reduced‚ the oxidizing agent‚ the reducing agent‚ the oxidation half reaction‚ the reduction half reaction‚ and then balance the equation by the method of oxidation-reduction showing all electrons transfers. 1.Mg + HCl ( MgCl2 + H2 2.Fe + V2O3 ( Fe2O3 + VO 3.KMnO4 + KNO2 + H2SO4 ( MnSO4 + H2O + KNO3 + K2SO4 4.K2Cr2O7 + SnCl2 + HCl ( CrCl3 + SnCl4 + KCl + H2O 5.KMnO4 + NaCl + H2SO4 ( Cl2 +
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force. Background Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed. So‚ when a metal and a nonmetal react‚ there is an ionic bond formed‚ which means one of them loses electrons while the other gains them. Since this reaction involves the exchange of electrons it is termed as a redox reaction. The oxidation states in a metal- nonmetal are simple to determine because they are given oxidation states similar to their charges. However
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← Muon ← Is created when a neutrino collides and combines with an H2O proton (weak force) ← Creates blue light ← High energy; travels faster than the speed of light (in water) ← Neutrino ← Type of particle: Lepton (like electrons and muons) ← Most abundant particle in the universe ▪ 1016 neutrinos are passing through your body at any point in time ← Theoretically discovered by Wolfgang Pauli (1930); actually discovered in 1955 ← Produced during nuclear reaction or changes
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