concentration of electrolyte of the potential difference in voltaic cell. Introduction: Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. In a redox reaction‚ two half-reactions occur; one reactant gives up electrons (undergoes oxidation) and another reactant gains electrons (undergoes reduction). Voltaic cell is a device in which a redox reaction spontaneously occurs and produces an electric current. In order
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important safety feature in vehicles. Sodium azide‚ potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide have been used in one design of airbag. [Source: www.hilalairbag.net] Sodium azide‚ a toxic compound‚ undergoes the following decomposition reaction under certain conditions. 2NaN 3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N 2 (g) Two students looked at data in a simulated computer-based experiment to determine the volume of nitrogen generated in an airbag. (a) Sodium azide involves ionic bonding‚ and
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next (negative ion) Use criss-cross rule to balance for an electrically neutral compound. Name Symbol and Charge Na+ Mg2+ ClO2Formula NaCl MgO 1. 2. Sodium cloride Magnesium oxide Calcium bromide Aluminum sulphide Nickle (III) chloride (indicates charge) 3. CaBr2 4. Al3+ Ni3+ S2Cl- Al2S3 5. NiCl3 6. Sodium thiosulphate (complex ion) Na2S2O3 7. Aluminum silicate (complex ion) Al2(SiO3)3 (must bracket a complex ion with a subscript) 8. Ammonium
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produced primarily in the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration by oxidative and substrate phosphorylation. 4 molecules of ATP are produced from 4 ADP and 4 inorganic phosphates in glycolysis in the cytoplasm of every cell‚ by the oxidation of a triose phosphate into two molecules of pyruvate. In anaerobic respiration these are the only 4 ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose as there is no oxygen available for the link reaction or electron transport chain to occur in the cytoplasm
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1. INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries with a low resource base‚ a burgeoning population with a very low land-man ratio‚ often threatened by both natural & anthropogenic stresses. The vast majority of the population lives almost exclusively on the natural resource base. This resource base is under serious threat and environmental planning is essential for the survival with dignity for Bangladesh’s over 115 million people & for sustainability of the echo system. Like
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) Data Booklet 9701/13 May/June 2010 1 hour *2288633369* READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. Write your name‚ Centre number and
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Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow | Redox reactions ‘Reduction is gain of electrons‚ oxidation is loss of electrons’ Examples; Overall reaction = 2KBr + Cl₂ 2KCl + Br₂ Halogens get more reactive going up the group‚ and in redox reactions the less reactive element
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2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration of sucrose: sucrose carbon + water C12H22O11 (s) 12C (s) + 11H2O (l) Oxidising Agent: The oxidation of copper into copper ions: FULL: Oxidation: Reduction: Cu (s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e− H2SO4 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e− SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) H2SO4 (l) + H2O (l) HSO4− (aq) + H3O (aq) ΔH = -90 kJ/mol Sulfuric Acid IONISATION: Step
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a positive charge. Oxidation number: number of electrons an atom gains‚ loses‚ or shares when it forms a chemical bond. -remember this pattern: +1‚ +2‚ +3‚ +/-4‚ -3‚ -2‚ -1‚ 0 -example: -sodium (Na): -valence electrons = 1 -oxidation number = +1 -resulting ion = Na+1 Rule of oxidation numbers: the sum of all the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule must equal zero‚ indications that the molecule is neutral. SHORTCUT: flip the oxidation numbers to get the final
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Name____Shelby Bill__________________ BIO 236 Nutrition Ch. 18 1. Define… Nutrition- Study of the sources‚ actions‚ and interactions of nutrients. macronutrients- A nutrient (carbohydrate‚ lipid‚ and protein) required in a large amount. micronutrients- Nutrient (vitamin or mineral) required in small amount. 2. Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by humans‚ like some amino acids‚ are called ______essential___ nutrients. 3. List the 6 types of Vegetarian diets‚ including food restrictions
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