integer numbers. It has been calculated to two billion two hundred sixty million three hundred twenty one thousand three hundred sixty three digits (2‚260‚321‚363) by the Chudnovsky brothers in 1991. Pi can be dated back to the middle kingdom on a papyrus scroll written in about 1650 B.C. by a scribe named Ahmes. He finds the area of a circle using an irregular sort of pi. Around 200 B.C. a Greek mathematician named Archimedes found that Pi was between 3 10/70 and 3 10/71. Ptolemy was the next researcher
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Ghosts; what are they? Should we believe in them? These are just two of the questions people have for this strange phenomenon. Many theories have been raised about the exact form‚ one of the answers is that they are the spirit of a person or animal who has passed away. People claimed to have seen them in their everyday lives‚ but what they look like is still a mystery‚ as each person sees them in different forms. The description varies widely‚ from an invisible presence‚ to translucent or hazy shapes;
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toxicology also includes the study of harmful effects caused by physical phenomena‚ such as radiation of various kinds and noise. The history of Toxicology dates back to the early humans who used animal and plant poisons for hunting and warfare. The Ebers papyrus (circa 1500 BC) describes several poisons known at that time. For example‚ it mentions hemlock as the state poison of the Greeks as well as opium‚ aconite and heavy metals such as lead‚ copper and antimony. Hippocrates (circa 400 B.C.) introduced
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and worship at Luxor. It would be difficult and dangerous to travel from Mesopotamia to the red sea on land due to the continuous wars going on. Without trade‚ Egypt would not have done as well‚ as they made large amount of profits selling slaves‚ papyrus and lotus perfumes‚ and other items of worth. Mesopotamians would have never received items of interest and would not have thrived‚ like the Egyptians had. Once again‚ if they were not in river valleys‚ they would never have traded and traveled from
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timber‚ tin‚ and wine. The main trading partners were in Spain‚ France‚ the Middle East and North Africa. They trade with European people. Britain exported lead‚ woollen products and tin. In return‚ it imported from Rome wine‚ olive oil‚ pottery and papyrus. British traders relied on the Romans to provide security within the Empire. When this collapsed and Europe was seemingly overrun by Barbarians‚ no one could guarantee traders that their produce would get through. Rome’s entertainment was gladiators
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could scratch marks in wet clay. About 2600 B.C.‚ the Egyptians wrote on the papyrus plant. Around 100 A.D.‚ the Chinese made paper from rags‚ on which modern-day paper-making is based. 3. Books and Libraries – output technologies (permanent storage devices) Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest “books” The Egyptians kept scrolls. Around 600 B.C.‚ the Greeks began to fold sheet of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together. 4. The First Numbering System
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discoveries archaeologists have found over 800 scrolls and scroll fragments in 11 different caves in the surrounding area. In fact‚ there are about 100‚000 fragments found in all‚ most of which were written on goat skin and sheep skin. A few were on papyrus‚ a plant used to make paper‚ but one scroll was engraved on copper sheeting telling of sixty buried treasure sites. Because the scrolls containing the directions to the treasures is unable to be fully unrolled‚ the treasures have not been found yet
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What’s So Hard About Fractions? Fractions as we know them today‚ the symbols and the algorithms for performing operations‚ have developed over thousands of years‚ beginning with ancient Egyptians. Through research of the origins‚ the development of fractions to appearing symbolically as we know them today‚ and of the developments of how we operate with them today and then connecting that knowledge with the observations of contemporary math education experts and personal interviews and observation
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The Ancient Egyptians were an advanced civilization with many inventions. Each invention ignited an idea to create one after another. Three inventions that were erected was the pyramids‚ the hieroglyphics‚ and the process of mummification. One of the advanced inventions in Ancient Egypt were the pyramids. Stone and limestone were used to construct the the pyramids. The blocks had to be cut perfectly‚ and each block was two and a half tons. In total‚ a pyramid was built to house the pharaohs‚ as well
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Roman Music was popular among the people‚ but the Roman Nobility thought all music or musicians were rather vulgar. Music was played in the theater and at private parties. It accompanied many religious ceremonies‚ with other public events like gladiatorial shows. There are many types of Roman musical instruments. Some of the most popular ones are the water organ‚ sistrum‚ cithera‚ panpipes‚ double flute‚ reed pipe‚ and the lyre. A Greek invented the water organ in the 3rd century B.C. It used a
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