Grice advanced the notions of cooperative principle and implicature together with Gricean maxims of conversation to illustrate how people are able to communicate with each other given that their utterances could be comprehended in many possible ways. The underlying assumption of Grice’s cooperative principle is that people tend to be cooperative in most conversational exchanges in order to construct meaningful conversation. The cooperative principle‚ as stated in Grice’s “Logic and Conversation”
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Implicature is a theoretical construct which was first introduced by Grice in the William James Lectures at Harvard in 1967 and was later published in 1975 under the title Logic and Conversation. Grice’s basic idea was to clarify the difference between what is expressed literally in a sentence and what is merely suggested or hinted at by the utterance of the same string of words. To distinguish the latter from the former‚ Grice (1975) uses the neologisms implicate and implicature‚ while he refers
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References: Grice‚ H. Paul. 1975. "Logic and conversation". In: Cole‚ P. and J. Morgan (eds.). Levinson‚ Stephen. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP Mey‚ Jacob. 1993. Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. Thomas‚ Jenny. 1995. Meaning and Interaction
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Gender and Rural Development: Advanced studies‚ Social Science. London: LIT Verlag Mṻnster Crystal‚ D Foucault‚ M. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon Cutting‚ Joan Cook‚ G. 1990. Discourse. Oxford: OUP Grice‚ P Searle‚ J.R. (1969). Speech Act‚ An Essay in the Philosophy of language: London Cambridge University Press Paltidge‚ B (2007) Discourse Analysis: An Introduction (Continuum Discourse) London; Continuum International Publishing Group Dakowska‚
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As phrased by Paul Grice‚ who introduced it‚ it states‚ "Make your contribution such as it is required‚ at the stage at which it occurs‚ by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged."[1] Though phrased as a prescriptive command‚ the principle is intended as a description of how people normally behave in conversation. Speakers and listeners involved in conversation are generally cooperating with each other. For reference to be successful‚ it was proposed that
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explicitly expressed words: It happens implicitly. What we mean is hardly ever exhausted by what we explicitly say. Normally we don’t have any difficulties in grasping what the speaker is trying to communicate implicitly. How can we explain this fact? Paul Grice gave the following answer: We grasp the implicit meaning by assuming cooperation on the part of the speaker (especially the observance of certain conversational maxims). And as speakers we rely on this assumption when we expect that our hearers
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DEVELOPMENT 1. Implicature H. P. Grice (1913–1988) was the first to systematically study cases in which what a speaker means differs from what the sentence used by the speaker means. Consider the following dialogue. Alan: Are you going to Paul ’s party? Barb: I have to work. If this was a typical exchange‚ Barb meant that she is not going to Paul ’s party. But the sentence she uttered does not mean that she is not going to Paul ’s party. Hence Barb did not say that
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Reading: Iñiguez‚ L (2003) Análisis del Discurso (chapter 3). Editorial UOC. Very readable and avoids technical terminology. Wetherell‚ M (2001) Themes in Discourse Research: the case of Diana. In Wetherell et al (eds) Discourse Theory and Practice London: Sage Comprehensive and clear. Discourse Analysis "Discourse analysis" means many things to many people. One thing they all agree on is that the analyst’s first focus must be on language‚ and what it does in the world. So far‚ CA agrees
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general view of the two pragmatic principles as well as euphemisms‚ and tries to work out the relations among them by specific analysis of conversational examples. [Key Words]: Euphemism; Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle 1. Introduction: Paul Grice proposed the Cooperative Principle to demonstrate a series of maxims one has to observe to achieve efficient communication. Generally speaking‚ the principle requires speaking sincerely‚ relevantly and clearly‚ while at the same time providing sufficient
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In 2001 psychologist Richard Wiseman created LaughLab; a yearlong project to discover the funniest joke in the world. After analysing 40‚000 jokes that were rated over 1.5 million times‚ the project was finalised and the winning joke was announced. According to Wiseman and his team‚ the funniest joke in the world goes as follows: Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them collapses. He doesn’t seem to be breathing and his eyes are glazed. The other guy whips out his phone and calls the
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