Classical Philosophy after Aristotle After Aristotle had completed his great speculative system‚ philosophy moves toward a new emphasis. Four groups of philosophers helped to shape this new direction‚ namely‚ the Epicureans‚ the Stoics‚ the Skeptics‚ and the Neoplatonist. They were‚ of course‚ greatly influenced by their predecessors‚ so we find that Epicurus relied upon Democritus for his atomic theory of nature‚ the Stoics made use of Heraclitus’ notion of a fiery substance permeating all things
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“Answering the Question: What Is Postmodernism?” By Jean-François Lyotard‚ trans. Régis Durand. NOTE: Written in 1982‚ as postscript to The Postmodern Condition (1979) A Demand This is a “period of slackening” in the “color of the times”. “From every direction we are being urged to put an end to experimentation‚ in the arts and elsewhere”. Bauhaus (1919-1933 Germany: Walter Gropius founded this movement of artists‚ writers‚ architects. Shut down by Hitler for being very radical‚ left-wing)
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it on fate‚ not himself. Everything that happens in human life is a product of what they do to their life and not determined by fate alone. There is a saying goes‚ “Life is what you make it.” A man truly
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There are two views of the theories of the philosophies of history‚ the idealistic and the materialistic. St. Augustine‚ Thomas Carlyle‚ G.W.F. Hegel‚ Karl Marx‚ the Whig Interpretation explained by H. Butterfield‚ the World System Analysis explained by Immanuel Wallerstein‚ and the Annales School all express these different philosophies of history. Some express idealistic views like Augustine‚ Carlyle‚ Hegel‚ and The Whigs (Butterfield)‚ and others the materialistic view like Marx‚ Wallerstein‚
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Jean Watson and Her Theory of Human Science and Human Care Abstract: This essay examines two scholarly‚ published journals and two books which explore the development of Jean Watson’s theory of Human Science and Human Care. Each one of the resources provides different details on various areas of Watson’s life and the work which went into her theory. The goal of this essay is to explore how Watson’s theory of Human Science and Human Care works‚ so that her theory can be understood and used appropriately
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SKEPTICISM PHILOSOPHY Skepticism: • It comes from the Greek word skeptikoi which means “seekers” or “inquirers.” • It refers to the critical attitude wherein a man questions different things including the well-known absolute truth or knowledge. • Note that skepticism (philosophical that is) should be contrasted with philosophical dogmatism wherein the latter is the direct opposite of the former. Philosophical dogmatism refers to an attitude wherein a man believes to have absolute
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Philosophy as Metaphysics ABSTRACT: Philosophy works with special types of objects: the totalities. The basic characteristics of this type of object are their metaphysical‚ transcendental‚ and total character. The character of these objects determines the specificity of language and the methods of philosophy. The language of philosophy represents symbolic language; speculation is the basic method of philosophy. On the one hand‚ objects of this type emphasis homo sapien as essences capable of
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Plato Plato’s theory of forms was the cornerstone of most of his reasoning‚ an essential part in his entire philosophy and we can see its influence in all of his philosophy‚ no matter if his thought is concerned with metaphysics‚ epistemology or aesthetics. His the existence of forms was obvious for him. He gives various evidence to support his theory in his dialogs. Plato did provide reasoning to support the existence of the forms. For instance‚ in one of his dialogues he claims that when he view
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Here we find the Greek creation of philosophy as “the love of wisdom‚” and the birth of metaphysics‚ epistemology‚ and ethics. Socrates‚ Plato‚ and Aristotle were the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers‚ and they focused their attention more on the role of the human being than on the explanation of the material world. The work of these key philosophers was succeeded by the Stoics and Epicureans who were also concerned with practical aspects of philosophy and the attainment of happiness
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Chapter 1 The Philosophy of Happiness Aristotle on Happiness Since the earliest days of Western thought philosophers have concerned themselves with the nature of happiness. One of the earliest to ask the question ‘what is happiness?’ was Aristotle‚ who‚ in a manner typical of philosophers‚ before providing an answer insisted on making a distinction between two different questions. His first question was what was meant by the word ‘happiness’—or rather‚ its ancient Greek equivalent eudaimonia. His
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