Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7 1.0 Introduction 8 2.0 History of Optical Fiber 9 3.0 Construction of Optical Fiber 12 4.0 Guiding Mechanism in Optical Fiber 13 5.0 Basic Components of OFC 15 5.1 Transmitter 15 5.2 Fiber 15 5.3 Receiver 15 5.4 Process 16 6.0 Principle of optical transmission 16 6.1 Refractive Index 16 6.2 Snell’s Law 17 6.3 Critical Angle 17 6.4 Total Internal Reflection 18 6.5 Acceptance Cone 19 6.6 Numerical
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getting cancer than those who don’t. This is because of the high exposure to UV rays. So how does cancer form? Sunbathing causes cancer through ionising radiation found in UV rays‚ gamma rays and x rays‚ these three rays are high in energy and when the photons from these rays hit the atom‚ this breaks the atom into smaller parts called ions this then damages the cells through ionisation‚ the cell then loses all power to control cell division and growth‚ this causes the cell to grow rapidly this then forms
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Elvira Goloborodko Science color 11/3/14 You may use any reliable source to investigate and find the information needed to complete this assessment. Recall that personal web pages‚ company advertisements‚ and other similar web based resources may not be reliable. The best resources will be governmental‚ educational‚ or scientific in origin. 1. In your own words‚ explain how Doppler radar works. Describe the properties of electromagnetic
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Quantum Mechanics V H Satheeshkumar Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Research and Development Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College of Engineering Jain Global Campus‚ Kanakapura Road Bangalore 562 112‚ India. vhsatheeshkumar@gmail.com October 12‚ 2008 Who can use this? The lecture notes are tailor-made for my students at SBMJCE‚ Bangalore. It is the second of eight chapters in Engineering Physics [06PHY12] course prescribed by VTU for the first-semester (September 2008 - January 2009)
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Exercise 4 Lab Report (3) Individual: Prepared blood slide (a.) Compare red and white blood cells - what cellular features are present in white cells but not in red blood cells and vice versa? Include a digital image of the blood cells present in the permanent dry. Red Blood cells carry hemoglobin inside of them which helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Hemoglobin is what gives blood cells the red pigmentation. The amount of blood cells present in the blood give it
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400 BC Democritus: He hypothesized that all matter (plus space and time) is composed of tiny indestructible units‚ called atoms. Democritus performed no experiments. 1 .All matter consists of invisible particles called atoms. 2. Atoms are indestructible. 3. Atoms are solid but invisible. 4. Atoms are homogenous. 5. Atoms differ in size‚ shape‚ mass‚ position‚ and arrangement. ->Solids are made of small‚ pointy atoms. ->Liquids are made of large‚ round atoms. ->Oils are made of very fine
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Glow Sticks Since being invented some 25 years ago the glow sticks we as children have grown up with are still the partying craze at rave events and darkly illuminated venues that need that little kick of hand held lights. The principal on which glow sticks work to an everyday person is almost supernatural‚ but in fact the technology used to make it and the way it works is actually very simple indeed. But how does a light stick give off such a strong light source with no bulb and no battery
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means of paper chromatography. Life on Earth is dependent entirely on the energy from the Sun‚ not only to keep the planet at a suitable temperature but also to provide the energy required to sustain life. The energy of the Sun‚ in the form of photons‚ is actively captured by chlorophyll and related pigments present in photosynthetic organisms‚ like plants and algae. This captured energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into complex energy-rich molecules that can be used by themselves or other
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108 D) 1.3 × 1033 E) 1.3 × 10-33 2. The energy of a photon of light is __________ proportional to its frequency and __________ proportional to its wavelength. A) inversely‚ inversely B) inversely‚ directly C) directly‚ inversely D) indirectly‚ not E) directly‚ directly 3. What is the wavelength of light (nm) that has a frequency of 3.22 × 1014 s-1? A) 9.32 × 10-7 B) 1.07 × 106 C) 649 D) 9.66 × 1022 E) 932 4. The energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 12.3 nm is __________ J. A)
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In optics‚ corpuscular theory of light‚ originally set forward by Pierre Gassendi‚ states that light is made up of small discrete particles called "corpuscles" (little particles) which travel in a straight line with a finite velocity and possess kinetic energy. It was largely developed by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton’s theory remained in force for more than 100 years and took precedence overHuygens’ wave front theory‚ partly because of Newton’s great prestige. However when the corpuscular theory failed
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