For years‚ the predominant view of infant-caregiver attachment was that it was a “secondary drive” i.e. that any attachment formed was because of the infant associating the caregiver with providing for physical needs such as hunger. However‚ John Bowlby argued that attachment is an innate primary drive in the infant. This theory was reinforced by Harlow & Zimmerman’s (1959) experiment involving baby monkeys who had been separated form their mothers and offered two surrogate “mothers”. One of these
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this investigation was to see if the bond was due to cupboard love. Cupboard love is what the infant is attached to such as providing of food or something warm and soft to touch. However Bowlby had already said that the bond with the infant to the mother was to do with something other than cupboard love. Bowlby stated ‘an inbuilt tendency to become attached to stimuli that poses certain properties’ (discovering psychology‚ chapter5‚ pg201). Harlow who wanted to conduct his study on rats accidentally
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The sequence and rate of each aspect of development normally expected in children and young people from birth to 19 years. There are four main areas of development which are; physical development‚ communication and language development‚ Intellectual development and social‚ emotional and behavioral development. Children’s growth and development enables them to explore their environment and to make sense of their world‚ to achieve new skills‚ to change the way others perceive them‚ and most importantly
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we understand and interrelate with the world. One of the principal cognitive theorists was Jean Piaget‚ who proposed ideas that revolutionised how we think about child development and whether children think differently than adults. This essay will introduce Jean Piaget as a theorist‚ prior to discussing Jean Piaget’s theory ‘stages of children’s intellectual development’ and explore the experiment Piaget carried out to obtain his theory. Furthermore this essay will examine whether the research method
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Trauma Theory Psychological trauma can have an everlasting effect on a person’s life. According to Armsworth and Holaday (1993)‚ Psychological trauma occurs when an individual is exposed to an overwhelming event that renders him or her helpless in the face of intolerable danger‚ anxiety‚ and instinctual arousal (p. 49). Anyone no matter what age‚ can experience a traumatic event. However‚ children are the ones mostly affected by a traumatic event. Trauma regardless if it is sexual abuse‚ physical
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Theories of cognitive development: Assignment one. ‘Compare and contrast the cognitive theories of the theorists – Piaget‚ Vygotsky & Bruner‚ criticising the basis of each theory’ This essay will be comparing and contrasting the cognitive theories and approaches of Piaget‚ Vygotsky and Bruner. The cognitive approach is based on how as individuals process information‚ past experiences‚ memory and perception. A definition of cognition is “how we consider information that we perceive from our
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THE ATTACHMENT THEORY AN EVALUTION OF THE ATTACHMENT THEORY WHEN WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN CARE Gail Walters Dissertation Social Work BA (HONS) Manchester Metropolitan University Tutor: Pauline Black CONTENTS Pages Abstract
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The Criticism of Jean Piaget’s theories. While conducting intelligence tests on children‚ Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget began to investigate how children think. According to Piaget‚ children’s thought processes change as they mature physically and interact with the world around them. Piaget believed children develop schema‚ or mental models‚ to represent the world. As children learn‚ they expand and modify their schema through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the
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Dysregulated Caregiving Using the psychoanalytic concept of defense Bowlby (1980) expanded on this with his idea of segregated systems with the same goal of protecting the self from painful emotions and feelings through repression. Segregated systems were seen as strategies of defense when a child had experienced attachment trauma (Bowlby‚ 1980). George and Solomon (2008) describe disorganized as developing from both past experiences and as influenced by current experiences (as cited in George &
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that concerns the importance of "attachment" in regards to personal development. John Bowlby was the first Psychologist to experiment this childhood development that he believed depended heavily upon a child’s ability to form a strong relationship with at least one primary caregiver. Bowlby’s studies led him to believe that children needed someone dominant for support and reassurance. Without this relationship‚ Bowlby felt that children would long for stability and security. On the other side of this
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