Aquaporin Water Channels Peter Agre Roderick MacKinnon All living matter is made up of cells. A single human being has as many as the stars in a galaxy‚ about one hundred thousand million. The various cells – e.g. muscle cells‚ kidney cells and nerve cells – act together in an intricate system in each one of us. Through pioneering discoveries concerning the water and ion channels of cells‚ this year’s Nobel Laureates Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon‚ have contributed to fundamental chemical
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continue to add in each TT drop by drop until no precipitate was form 6. The precipitate was settled down and the supernatant liquid was decant 7. The precipitate in the TT was added with 10 drops of distilled water‚ heated and shake 8. 5 drops of potassium chromate on the solution was added to TT 1 9. 10 drops of 6N ammonium hydroxide was added to TT 2 and 3 10. 6N HNO3 was added to TT 2 11. The precipitate in step 10 was placed in a container Result (data sheet) Discussion Exercise 19 “Qualitative
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Part A: Diffusion on a liquid in a liquid. I did an experiment with three different glasses of tap water from the faucet. All three cups measured the same which happened to be 13 cm from the top of the cup to the bottom of the cup. I let the water settle‚ and sit for about an hour so the temperature was the same for all three cups. I then placed one drop of food coloring into the first glass and waited for the coloring to reach the bottom. I calculated 93 seconds. I then went to the second glass
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Salt and Its Uses As we know‚ salt is the most useful resource found on earth. In Ancient Rome‚ salt was used as part of the salary to the soldiers. From this‚ we can see that salt was as valuable as gold in the past. In our daily life‚ besides making nutritious food more palatable‚ salt is very useful in making bakery products‚ canned and frozen foods. Salt is a good preservative that retards the growth of micro-organisms to make food storage possible for a long period of timie
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Example: KCl‚ KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2O(l) A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion. H+ from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion‚ NH4+. Salts Nitrate salts Carbonate salts Chloride salts Soluble All nitrate salts Potassium carbonate‚ K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate‚ (NH4)2CO3 Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3 All chloride salts Except Sulphate salts All sulphate salts Except 2. Preparation and purification of soluble salts Lead (II) chloride‚ PbCl2 Silver chloride‚ AgCl Mercury
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are two main classes of fireworks‚ force-and-spark and flame. In force and spark compositions‚ potassium nitrate‚ sulfur‚ and finely ground charcoal are used‚ with additional ingredients that produce various types of sparks. In flame compositions‚ such as the stars that shoot out of rockets‚ potassium nitrate‚ salts of antimony‚ and sulfur maybe be used. For colored fire‚ potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate is combined with a metal salt that determines the color. Inside each firework are
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Lab 1: Flame Test 11 Chemistry‚ university Preparation Conducted: September 20th‚ 2010 Purpose: To observe‚ and create a chart of the colours produced when solutions of known metal compounds are heated to high temperature. Question: What colours are produced when different metallic compounds are placed in a flame‚ and why this happens? Hypothesis/Prediction: Different salts will produce different colours when placed in a flame‚ due to the fact that each element has a different
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the Nernst potential. In terms of membrane transport the gradient is of interest as it contributes to increased system entropy in the co-transport of substances against their gradient. One of the most important pumps in animal cells is the sodium potassium pump‚ that operates through the following mechanism:[7] binding of three Na+ ions to their active sites on the pump which are bound to ATP. ATP is hydrolyzed leading to phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic side of the pump‚ this induces a structure
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toxicity‚ Reversible corneal micro-deposits‚ Phototoxicity‚ Slate grey discolouration‚ Tremor‚ Sleep disorder‚ Hypo/hyperthyroidism‚ Jaundice. Monitoring: LFTs‚ Thyroid function tests required before treatment‚ then every 6 months. Measure serum potassium concentration before treatment. Chest x-ray required before treatment. ECG monitoring and resuscitation facilities must be available during intravenous use. A very long half life – there is potential for drug interactions to occur for several weeks
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_________________________________ Period ___ Date __/__/__ 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Precipitate Practice #1 Write balanced molecular and detailed ionic equations. Strike out any spectator ions. 1. Solutions of lead nitrate and potassium chloride are mixed. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq) Pb2+ + 2 NO3- + 2 K+ + 2 Cl- PbCl2(s) + 2 K+ + 2 NO3- 2. Solutions of sodium sulfate and calcium bromide are mixed. Na2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq)
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