responsible for maintaining the vertical stability of the building under the various loads. The structural frame of WTC 7 was designed to distribute the weight of the building and resist wind loads by including columns‚ floor assemblies‚ spandrel beams‚ girders‚ and transfer elements. The WTC 7 consisted of four tiers‚ the lowest floors contained the Con Edison substation. From the 7th to the 47th floor WTC 7
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Aircraft structures Abstract: The aircraft structure is an important part where the structure of an aircraft depends on the optimum requirement of the customer and the environments in which it will be going to fly for the major time. It has to go several checks at regular interval of flying hours under proper inspection. This paper contains the basic information regarding the components of an aircraft and the basic concept of its design. The main criteria of design and its philosophy is the
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Metal fabrication is the building of metal structures by cutting‚ bending‚ and assembling processes: Cutting is done by sawing‚ shearing‚ or chiseling (all with manual and powered variants); torching with hand-held torches (such as oxy-fuel torches or plasma torches); and via numerical control (CNC) cutters (using a laser‚ mill bits‚ torch‚ or water jet). Bending is done by hammering (manual or powered) or via press brakes and similar tools. Modern metal fabricators utilize press brakes to either
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Mech 422 - Stress and Strain Analysis D.L. DuQuesnay (adapted from original text by R.J. Ferguson) z R σ xz 1 σ zz σ zx σ xx x September 2002 σ yz R σ zy σ yx σ xy σ yy y 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. What is Stress Analysis? The aim of stress analysis is to take the geometry of a component or structure and the externally applied “loads” and determine the state of stress in the material. Subjects that encompass stress analysis include “strength of materials”‚ “solid mechanics”‚ mechanics
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TRANSVERSE VIBRATION - I Aim: To find the natural frequency of transverse vibration of the cantilever beam. Apparatus required: Displacement measuring system (strain gauge) and Weights Description: Strain gauge is bound on the beam in the form of a bridge. One end of the beam is fixed and the other end is hanging free for keeping the weights to find the natural frequency while applying the load on the beam. This displacement causes strain gauge bridge to give the output in milli-volts. Reading
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in the longitudinal direction of the structural element. This force prevents the cracks from developing by eliminating or considerably reducing the tensile stresses at the critical midspan and support sections at service load‚ thereby raising the bending‚ shear‚ and torsional capacities of the sections. The sections are then able to behave elastically‚ and almost the full capacity of the concrete in compression can be efficiently utilized across the entire depth of the concrete sections when all
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Learning Objectives: Calculate deflection in statically determinate beams and frames Various Methods • • • • Double Integration Method Moment-Area Method Elastic Load Method Conjugate Beam Method Slope at A negative Slope at B positive Deflection at point B Tangential deviation between points A and B Change in slope Change in slope and tangential deviation between points A and B Moment-Area Method Beam and moment curve M/EI curve between points A and B Moment Area
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BEAM DESIGN DESIGN LOAD 1. Calculate factored point load (P.43‚ Table 4.2) 2. Calculate max shear‚ V for all axis 3. Calculate max moment‚ M for all axis SECTION PROPERTIES 1. Write down all section properties (Section table) SECTION CLASSIFICATION 1. Obtain design strength‚ py (P.32‚ Table 3.2) 2. Calculate ε 3. 4. 5. Classify flange (P.66-68‚ Table 7.1-7.2‚ 7.3) Classify web (P.66-68‚ Table 7.1-7.2‚ 7.3) Conclude classification (選最差) 275 py LOCAL PLATE BUCKLING (有 COMPRESSION 先計)(FOR CLASS
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limited because their usage depends on the accompany with the other material. Steel framed structures are designed with the connections between the separate members treated as either non-rigid or fully rigid joints. The frame consists of horizontal beams in both direction and vertical columns called stanchions‚ usually all standard rolled sections of various sizes‚ joined together by welding or by bolts with cleats to form a stiff to which the feet of the stanchions are bolted. All the steel members
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similar to the distance from the tower to their mounting on the deck.In the fan design‚ the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the towers. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges‚ and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range where cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier if the span was lengthened‚ and suspension bridge cabling would not be more economical if the span was shortened Cable-stayed bridges may appear to be similar to suspension
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