PREPARATION OF DETERGENTS CONTENTS Introduction 1. Classification of synthetic detergents * Anionic Detergents * Neutral or non-ionic detergents * Cationic Detergents * Bile Salts - Intestinal Natural Detergents * Amphoteric Detergents * Amphoterics 2. Key Concepts 3. Raw Materials 4. The Manufacturing Process * Introduction * End Products * The Blender Process * The Agglomeration Process * The Slurry Method * Liquid Detergent * Quality
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Lab 5: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil September 20th‚ 2012 Purpose: The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize banana oil (isopentyl acetate.) Ester are often prepared by the Fischer esterification method‚ which involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Theory: Synthesize isopentyl acetate by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and sulfuric acid and then heating the reaction mixture under reflux for an hour. The alcohol
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Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction: In this lab the synthesis‚ purification‚ and characterization of isoamyl acetate‚ or banana oil‚ was determined. The synthesis was completed by a reversible esterification reaction which required the heating of glacial acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol‚ combined with a sulfuric acid catalyst in hexane. In order to increase the efficiency of the reaction‚ LeChatelier’s Principle is utilized by removing water from the products. As a result‚ the reaction
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General process information Detergents are manufactured using a synthetic surfactant in place of the metal fatty acid salts that are used in soaps. Most of the powder detergents have soap in their mixture of ingredients‚ however it generally functions more as a foam depressant than as a surfactant. Powder detergents are manufactured using various processes‚ such as spray drying‚ agglomeration‚ dry mixing or a combination of these. Spray Drying Process The different stages / operations performed
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Detergents A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions."[1] These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates‚ a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water‚ because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxyl (of soap) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water. In most household contexts‚ the term detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent
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Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Eric Nelson Chem. 253-1: Deepali Rathore Lab 1: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil 9-24-10 Purpose To create Isopentyl acetate with no more than 10% isopentyl alcohol and no more than 2% acidic acid in its composition. Theory Esters are a chemical functional group that usually forms by loosing a hydroxyl group and having it replaced with an alkoxy group with the loss of hydrogen. Esters are most commonly produced by taking a carboxylic acid‚ and
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September 30‚ 2012 Experiment 5‚ Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction: This experiment prepares synthetic banana oil (isopentyl acetate) through the Fisher esterification method by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic and sulfuric acid then heating the mixture under reflux for an hour. Esterification is a chemical reaction in which two reactants (an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Observations and Data: When the sulfuric acid was combined
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Operating Instructions & Installation Instructions Washing Machine (Domestic use) Model No. NA - 148VB3 NA - 147VB3 NA - 128VB3 NA - 127VB3 Thank you for purchasing this appliance. - For optimum performance and safety‚ please read these instructions carefully. - Before connecting‚ operating or adjusting this appliance‚ please read the instructions completely. Please keep this manual for future reference. Read Before Using SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Washing Instructions Optional Functions Maintenance
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DCITATION: http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/laundry/techfact/keychar.htm Surfactants * Positive Environmental Characteristic: Biodegrade readily to compounds with low toxicity. Example: Straight carbon chain compounds like linear alcohol ethoxylates or betaine esters. * Key Characteristics of Concern: Toxicity to aquatic organisms‚ like fish (vertebrates)‚ daphnids (invertebrates) and algae; persistence in the environment; toxicity of biodegradation byproducts. * Example: Alkylphenol ethoxylates--biodegrade
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regarding Detergent. A detergent is an agent used for cleaning. Detergents are synthetic surfactants‚ which is produced from petrochemicals rather than fatty acids and oils. They are very effective in hard‚ soft as well as salt water. Detergents are the salts of long chain of hydrocarbons such as alkyl sulphates. A detergent has several advantages over soaps in which we can see in the following topics. Detergents are commonly said to be synthetic detergents because it is produced from synthetic chemicals
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