Token economy programmes are a form of behaviour modification based on the principles of operant conditioning. They are used in prisons to encourage the reduction of anti-social behaviour and criminal behaviour; they involve awarding tokens to offenders if a desired behaviour is performed. The tokens may then be exchanged for various rewards. The aim is for the desired behaviour to be repeated. As a treatment it involves setting out a range of desirable behaviours and reinforcing the offender whenever
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States has one of the world’s largest economy. The GDP is valued at $17.914 trillion dollars! (World Bank)2 So how can one of the world’s largest economies belong to a country that has an increasing gap between rich and poor? Simple‚ the way it is run! The US government has lost control of and has virtually stopped regulating our economy. We have allowed our jobs to be outsourced in the name of profit. Politicians have allowed big business to run not only our economy‚ but our government. According to
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Economies of scale are the main drivers of corporate gigantism in the 20th century. Economies of scale simply refers to the cost benefit achieved with an increasing output / product unit. Economies of scale exist due to the inverse relationship between quantity produced and per-unit fixed costs ; the higher the quantity produced‚ the lower the cost per unit. Economies of scale can be seen in an orange juice production. The more orders ‚ or the more fruits‚ the growers harvest‚ the more savings
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people (INEI 2013; USAID/Peru 2012b; World Bank 2007). According to the World Bank‚ the economy of Peru is classified as upper middle income and is the 42nd largest in the world (World Bank 2014a). Peru is a market oriented economy with a high level of foreign trade. Peru is a mega diverse country‚ however these natural resources have not been used efficiently to develop the economy‚ and the national economy has relied on mining since colonial times‚ as well as agriculture‚ fishing and manufacturing
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Assignment #1 An analysis of Hungary ’s Economy Abstract I analyzed three parts of Hungary ’s economy from 1994 to 2009: real GDP growth‚ unemployment rate‚ and inflation rate. Unemployment and inflation share a similar time trend‚ compared to real GDP growth which is almost exactly opposite. This shows the relationship between all of the variables. As unemployment and inflation were going down from 1994 to around 2001‚ real GDP was increasing and remaining steady at a high plateau. As GDP fell in
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The Philippines is located in South East Asia and the Philippines economy has been industrialized in the recent times. In terms of the purchasing power parity it ranked 24th according to the World Bank. The sectors that are of key importance in the Philippines Economy are agriculture‚ industry and mining each of which can be detailed under the following heads; Agricultural sector contributes about 17.1% of the GDP‚ Industrial Sector contributes 18.1% in the GDP. “The Gross Domestic product (GDP)
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Philippines has displaced Indonesia as Asean economic leader -- S&P I consider this as a good news for us Filipinos. We may not feel the economic growth for now but it’s actually a good thing that we have indicators of how well or poor our economy is doing. This article only means that we will now be able attract more investors to invest in the Philippines. More foreign investors means more job opportunities just like jobs for construction workers. And yes‚ it is not permanent but if this will
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as in market economies‚ and you cannot increase it all that much by working harder or innovating new technology. The only path to better lifestyle is joining the ruling elite‚ or stealing from the system and otherwise entering the black market. The reason that standard of life does not grow so fast is that there is no innovation‚ and that is b/c innovation means taking a risk‚ and "equal-reward" approach means that rewards are not enough to justify the risk.’ Planned Economy In a planned
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The economy of Venezuela is surprising well for a South American country. Typically‚ when you think of the economies of South American countries you think that they are poor and dismal with high unemployment rates and squander. However‚ Venezuela has an upper middleclass economy due to the oil production of the country. In fact‚ oil revenues account for approximately ninety-five percent of export revenue for the entire country. Oil is also twelve percent of Venezuela’s gross domestic product‚ or
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ECONOMY Since the end of World War II‚ the Philippine economy has been on an unfortunate trajectory‚ going from one of the richest countries in Asia (following Japan) to one of the poorest. Growth immediately after the war was rapid‚ but slowed over time. Years of economic mismanagement and political volatility during the Marcos regime contributed to economic stagnation and resulted in macroeconomic instability. A severe recession from 1984 through 1985 saw the economy shrink by more than 10%‚ and
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