2. How credit ratings affect the capital structure of a firm Credit ratings is the assessment of the credit worthiness of a firm based on historyof borrowing and repayment. Credit rating is the credit worthiness of a debtor. The debtors ability to pay back the debt. Companies with high rating (AAA) have a good market reputation and logically would avoid not being in favor of more debt in capital structure to save them from any adverse circumstances. High credit ratings expose a firm to obtain
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that can spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released in the air when coughing or sneezing. There are several social determinants of health that can affect the spread of TB. Poverty‚ malnutrition and hunger are major social determinants that can affect the individual’s immune system making them more susceptible to infections and increase the severity of the clinical outcome. Symptomatic patients may delay seeking medical care
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Journal of Accounting and Economics 31 (2001) 105–231 Capital markets research in accounting$ S.P. Kothari* Sloan School of Management‚ Massachusetts Institute of Technology‚ Cambridge‚ MA 02142‚ USA Received 22 November 1999; received in revised form 8 March 2001 Abstract I review empirical research on the relation between capital markets and financial statements. The principal sources of demand for capital markets research in accounting are fundamental analysis and valuation‚ tests of market
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Determinants of Productivity Determinants of Productivity Productivity is the quantity of output formed by one unit of production input in a unit of time. Inputs used in the production of the goods and services are the major determinants of any country’s productivity they are also called factors of production. There are four major determinants of productivity of any country’s economy. · Land: the land itself‚ and raw materials such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that
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analysis) The Problem Bed Bath & Beyond has always conducted business under the old fashioned premise that “cash is king‚ and debt is bad”. As of late their capital structure has become a big issue amongst investors. They are concerned that the current unlevered structure is not maximizing value and are wary of the risks associated with the companies large and growing cash balances. Currently BBBY is facing the issue of trying to decide wether their current capital structure is optimal moving
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Marijuana is a popular and universal drug. It is easily accessible to most people and is the number one illicit drug used in North America. Although the availability and knowledge of this drug is fairly equal for all people in North America‚ marijuana tends to be more prevalent in teenagers and young adults. Maisto‚ Galizio‚ and Conners (2004) reported that "use of marijuana [in young people] was 8.0% among those aged 12-17; 16% among those aged 18-25‚" as compared to "6.8% among those aged 26-34;
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building a conceptual understanding of the determinants of the effectiveness of internal audit in organization. This finding specifically investigates five determinants of internal audit effectiveness which are in-house internal audit vs. outsources internal audit‚ independent and objectivity of internal audit‚ staff competency‚ management support and tone at the top and scope of services and planning. Toward this end it confirms the five determinants of the effectiveness of internal audit are needed
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Problem Statement of NPD process in apparel Fashion Industry: Today’s ever changing and dynamic environment in the apparel sector of Bangladesh’s fashion industry poses various obstacles in developing new products for the market. The major dilemma of getting both qualitative and an adequate amount of information for running a smooth development process in designing clothes is an issue faced by all the major firms in this industry. Lack of information for designing clothes affects both the producers
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1. What type of capital structure should a firm choose and why? In your answer‚ be sure to include capital structure fallacies and their effects on a firm’s decision. Capital structure is the relative proportions of debt‚ equity‚ and other securities that a firm has outstanding. When a firm need to raise funds from investors they must choose which type of security to issue. There are typically two different types: financing through equity alone‚ or financing through a combination of debt and
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Corporate Finance and Investment 1. Define “Working Capital” Working Capital=Current Assets-Current Liabilities =Accounts Receivable + Inventory - Accounts Payable “Working capital is how much in liquid assets that a company has on hand. Working capital is needed to pay for planned and unexpected expenses‚ meet the short-term obligations of the business‚ and to build the business.” 2. Give concrete measures how w.c. can be optimized (receivable‚ inventories (JIT
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