three subatomic particles -- protons‚ neutrons and electrons. The center of an atom‚ which is called the nucleus‚ is composed of both protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged‚ neutrons have no charge at all‚ and electrons are negatively charged. The proton-to-electron ratio is always one to one‚ so the atom as a whole has a neutral charge. But an atom’s properties can change a lot based on how many of each particle it has. If you change the number of protons‚ you create an entirely different
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Atomic Masses of atoms & molecules Mass number & atomic number Atomic structure (neutrons‚ protons & electrons) Mole concept & conversion Avogadro’s concept Empirical & molecular formulae Isotopes FHSC1114 Physical Chemistry Centre for Foundation Studies‚ UTAR Objectives To define relative atomic masses of atoms & molecules To define & determine mass no. & atomic no. To determine no. of neutrons‚ protons & electrons To understand mole concept & Avogadro’s concept To determine the empirical
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accompanied by protons – A hydrogen atom is lost (1 electron‚ 1 proton) Redox • During redox reactions‚ electrons carry energy from one molecule to another • Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) – Is an electron carrier – NAD+ accepts 2 electrons and 1 proton to become NADH – Reaction is reversible NAD+ to NADH • How may electrons does NAD+ need to be neutral? – 1 electron • How many electrons and protons in a hydrogen atom? – 1 proton – 1 electron • How many protons and electrons
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The respiration and photosynthesis cycle is the process by which plants and animals interact in a codependent and symbiotic manner to produce the nutrients‚ gases‚ and energy that they require to survive. Plants obtain energy from sunlight and use it to combine carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis. Animals eat plants containing glucose‚ and combine glucose and oxygen‚ releasing energy‚ water‚ and carbon dioxide. This process is called respiration
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Review Questions Exam 2 Although I try to cover all materials thoroughly in these questions‚ anything covered in lecture may appear on the exam. Membrane Transport 1. Describe the cell permeability and membrane transport. What can enter/exit the cell on its own? What requires assistance? Why? 2. Describe membrane potential. What is it? How is it established? How does it influence the transport of charged molecules? What are the components of the electrochemical gradient?
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milli- 0.000‚000‚000‚001 0.000‚000‚001 0.001 centi- 0.01 deci- 0.1 deka- 10 hecto- 100 Kilo- 1‚000 Mega 1 kcal = 1000 cal 1 Cal= 1 kcal 1 cal = 4.184 1‚000‚000 • Neutral atoms contain the same number of electrons and protons. • Components of a mixture can be separated (purified) by physical means. • Physical changes alter a substance without any changes to the chemical composition. • Chemical change involves breaking down a substance into other substances. • Chemical
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The Mitochondrion The cell is the most basic unit of life. The cell serves as the place for processes such as cellular respiration‚ metabolism and energy production in the form of ATP‚ or adenosine triphosphate. Many organelles—small structures that help to carry out the daily operations of the cell‚ inhabit the cell such as the Golgi complex‚ the endoplasmic reticulum‚ the nucleus‚ or brain of the cell‚ and lysosomes. An organelle that is the place where most of the cell’s energy is generated is
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Self-assessment practice tests Test 1 – Material from Chapters 2–4 | 45 minutes 1 The kinetic theory suggests different arrangements for the atoms or molecules in the three states of matter. The diagrams below show how evidence suggests the particles are arranged in the three states of matter. 1 2 3 What are the three states shown? 1 A B C D 2 gas liquid solid liquid 2 liquid gas liquid solid 3 solid solid gas gas The graph shows the heating curve for a metal that is solid at room temperature (25
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Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Particle Theory: the scientific statements that summarize about particles of matter 1. All matter is made up of particles that contain spaces between each particle 2. Different substances are made up of different types of particles 3. Particles are always in constant motion 4. The movement of particles will increase if temperature rises 5. Particles are attracted to each other Pure substance: a substance that consists of only 1 type of particle
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The PERusahaan Otomobil KeDUA Sendirian Berhad‚ is Malaysia’s second largest automobile manufacturer after Proton. It was established in 1992 and launched their first car‚ the Perodua Kancil in August 1994.The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake‚ Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%)‚ MBM Resources Bhd (20%)‚ PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%)‚ Mitsui & Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). The company started operations in 1994 and the ever so popular
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