1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer protons 2 fewer neutrons Paper or skin Low Beta β Electrons ₋₁°e -1 1 more proton 1 fewer neutron Aluminium foil High Gamma ϒ Electromagnetic radiation none No change Lead sheet None 6. Half-life i. The time taken for half a radioactive isotope/substance to decay. ii. Not affected my temperature
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nucleon number. * Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the Periodic Table (Ref. Z=1 to 20) * Define isotopes. * State the two types of isotopes as being radioactive and non-radioactive. * State one medical and one industrial use of radioactive isotopes. * Describe radioactive isotopes as a source of energy. eg. 235U * Describe the build-up of electrons in `shells` and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures
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behavior of metallic elements‚ their intermetallic compounds‚ and their mixtures‚ which are called alloys. Nuclear chemistry is a subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity‚ nuclear processes and nuclear properties. * It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides‚ radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment (such as nuclear reactors) which are designed to perform nuclear processes. This includes the corrosion
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removal of neutrons) is called an uncontrolled fission reaction. An uncontrolled fission reaction releases an explosive amount of energy used in nuclear weaponry. 8.4.3: Fuel enrichment is the process in which you increase the percentage of a certain isotope in a substance‚ such as Uranium-235 from 0.7% to 4% in a natural uranium ore. 8.4.4: Energy Transfers: - Water is heated by heat energy created through nuclear fission - Energy is lost to surroundings - Steam turns a turbine (heat energy
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What is nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine is a division of medical imaging that detects and treats diseases and irregularities in the body such as cancer and neurological illnesses through the use of radioactive chemicals. The techniques used in nuclear medicine allow physicians to attain knowledge about patient conditions without the invasion of personal space through procedures such as biopsies. The equipment and machines used within this branch are important for research as they allow for a better
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as fission products and some product particles. Uranium or plutonium isotopes are used as a fuel in the nuclear reactor. The amount of energy released from the nuclear bonds is much larger than the amount of energy in a chemical bond. For example‚
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cure cancer. However gamma rays cannot penetrate steel and lead compounds. Also the only living organism which can survive these rays are cockroaches. Gamma rays are radioactive just like bananas. Bananas are radioactive because they contain relatively high amounts of potassium. They contain potassium-40‚ which is a radioactive isotope of potassium. e light. Visible light is like its own mini spectrum inside the spectrum. Starting off with the lonest wavelength is red then its orange‚ yellow‚ green
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Rutherford model (around 1910) Atoms are mostly empty space. Negative electrons orbit a positive nucleus. Ernest Rutherford (movie: 10 min.) • Rutherford shot alpha (α) particles at gold foil. Zinc sulfide screen Lead block Thin gold foil Radioactive substance path of invisible α-particles Most particles passed through. So‚ atoms are mostly empty. Some positive α-particles deflected or bounced back! Thus‚ a “nucleus” is positive & holds most of an atom’s mass. • Electrons orbit the nucleus
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Only about 0.7% of uranium consists of the isotope U-235‚ the fuel source of nuclear reactors‚ but because the cooling process utilized by LWRs absorbs a significant number neutrons required for fission‚ nuclear fuel must be enriched to contain between 3% and 5% U-235. The enrichment process requires
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Nuclear Energy Overview: The Basics of Nuclear Energy — An Overview Nuclear power uses the energy created by controlled nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Fission Nuclear Fission Source: Atomicarchive.com at: http://www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fission1.shtml The most commonly used nuclear reaction for power generation is nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is the splitting of an atom’s nucleus into parts (lighter nuclei that are different from the parent and neutrons) by capturing
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