PRACTICAL III: THE BEHAVIOUR OF AMINO ACIDS IN SOLUTION Abstract In this practical the acid-base behaviour of amino acids was assessed. Amino acids are amphoteric. They have the basic (amine) and the acidic (carboxylic) functional groups. These show the same type of equilibrium reactions that all weak acids and bases undergo‚ and the relative amount of each can be altered by adjusting the pH of the solution. For this practical glycine was used as a model to show this unique nature of
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acid + metal -------->salt + hydrogen acid + metal oxide--->salt + water acid + metal carbonate---->salt + water + carbon dioxide Element | Symbol | Valency | Hydrogen | H | 1 | Oxygen | O | -2 | Carbon | C | 4 | Calcium | Ca | 2 | Iron | Fe | 2 | Aluminium | Al | 3 | Sodium | Na | 1 | Potassium | K | 1 | Magnesium | Mg | 2 | Zinc | Zn | 2 | Copper | Cu | 2 | Silver | Ag | 1 | Lead | Pb | 2 | Chloride | Cl | -1 | Sulphate | SO4 | -2 | Hydroxide | OH
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problems[edit] Solvolysis of the norbornyl cation: Why is the norbornyl cation so stable? Is it symmetrical? If so‚ why? This problem has been largely settled for the unsubstituted norbornyl cation‚ but not for the substituted cation. See Non-classical ion. On water reactions: Why are some organic reactions accelerated at the water-organic interface?[2] What is the origin of the bond rotation barrier in ethane‚ steric hindrance or hyperconjugation? What is the origin of the alpha effect? Nucleophiles
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most common in intrusive igneous rocks like granite where the crystals look white or pink. Olivine Olivine looks like little green crystals. It is typically found in some igneous and metamorphic rocks Halide Mineral The halide mineral class include those minerals with a dominant halide anion. NON-SILICATE MINERALS Hematite The largest amounts of hematite are found in sedimentary rocks‚ often as thin layers between layers of quartz or chert. Hematite is an important ore of iron. It
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Chemistry Reference Tables Name Avogadro’s number Value 6.022 × 1023 particles/mole 0.0821 L atm mole K L mmHg 62.4 mole K 8.314 L kPa mole K 1.00 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760. mmHg = 760. torr 0°C or 273K 22.4 L Symbol Value Gas constant (R) Standard pressure Standard temperature Volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP Thermodynamic Constants Heat of fusion of water Heat of vaporization of water H f (water) Hv (water) 334 J/g 2‚260 J/g J for ice‚ 2.02 J for steam‚ g°C g°C J for liquid 4.18
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agitation) or chemical agents. Any disruption of the protein structure that is accompanied by a loss of activity o cofactor: nonprotein molecules that must bind to a particular enzyme before a reaction occurs (natural reactant – usually a metal ion or a coenzyme) o coenzyme: a diffusible‚ heat-stable substance of low molecular weight that when combined with an inactive protein called an apoenzyme forms an active compound or a complete enzyme called a holoenzyme o apoenzyme:
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borax-bead test‚ cobalt nitrate test‚ fusion test‚ chromyl chloride test; analytical reactions for the detection of nitrate‚ nitrite‚ halides‚ phosphate‚ arsenate‚ arsenite‚ sulphide‚ thiosulphate‚ sulphate‚ thiocyanate‚ borate‚ boric acid‚ carbonate. Analytical reactions for the detection of Cr3+‚ Fe3+‚ Ni2+‚Cu2+‚ As3+‚ Mn2+‚ Importance of common-ion effect in the separation of Group II cations‚ and Group III cations. Unit II. Basic inorganic chemistry III * Comparative study of
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compounds have a wide range of uses‚ including being consumed as a reagent and acting as a catalyst. Grignard reagents are a very common organometallic compound. Grignard reagents are formed from the reaction of an alkyl‚ cycloalkyl‚ or aryl halide and magnesium metal. This reaction is shown below as Figure 1. [pic] Fig. 1: Formation of a Grignard reagent The carbon bonded to the metal is an excellent nucleophile and base. This carbon with carbanion character can partake in typical
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→Mn(OH)2 + H+ and is most stable in acid solutions. Manganese (III) is also slowly reduced by water.(Liptrot‚1993) 4 Mn3+ + 2 H2O → 4 Mn2+ + 4H+ + O2 Metal acetylacetonates are coordination complexes derived from the acetylacetonate anion and metal ions‚ usually transition metals. The ligand acetylacetonate is often abbreviated acac. Typically both oxygen atoms bind to the metal to form a six-membered chelate ring. The simplest complexes have the formula M(acac)3 and M(acac)2. Mixed-ligand complexes
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Introduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 Review Based on the textbook: Understanding Earth‚ 6th Edition‚ by Grotzinger and Press CH 1: earth system Summary The human creative process‚ field and lab observations‚ and experiments help geoscientists formulate testable hypotheses (models) for how the Earth works and its history. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation focusing attention on plausible features and relationships of a working model. If a testable hypothesis is confirmed by a large
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