proton to a water molecule producing a hydronium ion (HA+H2OH3O++A-). At a given temperature‚ the concentrations of this equilibrium can be expressed by the weak acid dissociation constant (Ka=[H3O+]eq*[A-]eq/[HA]eq). In order to integrate a determinable factor into this equation‚ pH‚ it may be rearranged to solve for the hydronium ion concentration ([H3O+]eq=Ka*[HA]eq/[A-]eq) and then‚ as pH is equal to the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration‚ taking the negative logarithm of both
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NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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as the city is spending public funds. The construction of the deck was well underway by the time the LED lighting evaluation began‚ and the lighting locations were already set. The initial specifications called for 544 fixtures using 175 Watt metal halide lamps. To gather LED lighting proposals‚ the city issued a performance specification for highefficiency lighting‚ and received a proposal from BetaLED. The BetaLED light fixture proposed for this project is shown below. Courtesy of BetaLED BetaLED
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SUPERADHERENT HARD COATINGS BY ION BEAM ENHANCED DEPOSITION 1. COVER SHEET (see attached) 2. IDENTIFICATION & SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OPPORTUNITY The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing super adherent protective coatings at low processing temperatures using energetic ion beams in conjunction with conventional deposition techniques. This process‚ coined Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition (IBED)‚ is depicted in Figure 1 and promises a new generation of exotic coatings
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Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Title: Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a‚ 1b‚ and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol)
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1.1 CHEMISTRY 2213a ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES - organic chemistry is the study of life at the molecular level; to many it is the key to understanding life “The language of chemistry- an international language‚ a language without dialects‚ a language for all of time‚ and a language that explains where we came from‚ what we are‚ and where the physical world will allow us to go” (Nobelist Arthur Kornberg‚ a biochemist‚ 2000) - but its study has been challenging for students for
Free Atom Chemical bond Electron configuration
before ene or yne. Eg. But-2-ene * If naming an alcohol (an oxygen and a hydrogen)‚ if there is a double or triple bond‚ -anol becomes‚ for example‚ -ene-2-ol or –yne-3-ol * Make sure you write everything in alphabetical order (branches‚ alkyl halides‚ etc) * When there is an –anoic acid‚ it is always attached to carbon 1. Structural isomers: It is when a molecule has the same molecular formula (eg. C6H12O6) but looks different and can be drawn in different ways. PROPERTIES: Alkanes:
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Preparation of Bromotriphenylmethane Abstract The structure of a major component of star anise oil was derived by analyzing its IR spectroscopy melting point of after oxidation and purification. From the evidence obtained‚ it was concluded that the exact structured should be p-methoxybenzoic acid. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the structure of the major component of star anise oil. It is already known that this component has a molecular formula C10H12O. This
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Bato Balani Journal #1 p. 8 1. How was the first quasicrystal discovered? - The quasicrystal was discovered while Daniel Shechtman was experimenting on a chilled molten mixture of aluminium and manganese which revealed a 10-fold symmetry. 2. Compare crystals and quasicrystals. - the crystal‚ the patterns are tightly packed‚ they have no space in between‚ and look the same in whatever angle. And the quasicrystal‚ the atoms exhibit a regular pattern‚ but the pattern is not repeated. 3. What are
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valence electron configuration) has tendency to lose electron very easily and make stable configuration. The single valence electron is relatively far from the nucleus‚ only weak attractions exist in the solid between delocalized electrons and the metal-ion cores. Such weak metallic bonding means that the alkali metal crystal structure can be easily deformed or broken down. This resulting both elements become
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