GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 12 SESSION 3 (LEARNER NOTES) Page 1 of 10 TOPIC 1: MENDEL’S 1ST LAW‚ SEX AND BLOOD GROUP DETERMINATION Learner Note: Mendel’s Laws are very important and you must understand the basic concepts of Genetics. You must understand the concepts of dominance and how this plays a role in monohybrid crosses (mono = one = one characteristic or trait). Be aware of confusing the word ‘cross/ crossing’ with ‘crossing
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diffusion‚ osmosis‚ osmotic pressure‚ passive transport‚ and active transport. Explain what happened to the blood cells at the various levels of concentration. Be sure to refer to the solutions as being hypotonic‚ hypertonic and isotonic. The plasma membranes are made up of proteins that form pores and channels‚ cholesterol to provide membrane stability and carbohydrate molecules for cell recognition. The most abundant component found in the plasma membrane is the phospholipid‚ which is bilayer
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- Red blood cells have become hypertonic. 2) What happened to the patient’s blood cells as a result - The blood cells have absorbed too much water 3) Considering the function of red blood cells‚ why did the patient’s oxygen levels fall? - The red blood cells could no longer do their job of sending oxygen through the body 4) After Tom made his error‚ is there anything that could have been done to save the patient’s life? - Red blood
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OCR BIOLOGY UNIT F221 Blood tests 1. Put a band (tourniquet) around the arm to make the vein stand out 2. Clean the area around the vein with an alcohol based solution 3. Push a sterile needle‚ attached to a sterile syringe into the vein 4. Pull back the plunger of the syringe to suck the blood into the syringe 5. When the necessary volume of blood has been extracted‚ remove the syringe and needle‚ loosen the tourniquet and press a small ball of cotton wool over the
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I. Purpose/Problem The objective of the lab was to see how each blood type reacted when transfused with a donor blood type. II. Background There are many blood cells in your body and in order to help your body to tell which blood cells are bad or good‚ your blood cells have antigens which are surface proteins on the blood cells. Antigens determines whether your blood type is A‚ B‚ AB‚ or O. The antigen gives each blood cell an identity. If an antigen is foreign in the body‚ your body will
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Acute Chest Syndrome And Sickle Cell Disease In The Pediatric Patient. Sickle Cell Disease: Is a generic disease that affects hemoglobin‚ oxygen transport in the body and patient quality of life. This disease is most common in African American‚ Hispanic‚ Greek and Arabs. Note: Sickle Cell is inherited from both parents. Sickle cell is a blood disease in wish the red blood cells that are responsible for carry oxygen from the lungs to other part of the body are behaving in an abnormal way because
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breathing‚ chest recession and bilateral crepitations on auscultation. A repeat haemoglobin level estimation gave a result of 2g/dl. Blood for grouping and cross match was taken and the obstetrician ordered blood transfusion of three units of packed cells if available otherwise whole blood. This was not available till in the morning at 8.30AM when two units of whole blood were availed. Since admission the patient was put on Oxygen and the head of bed raised. The bed had sidebars to prevent her from falling
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Amira’s lab values is as follows; Hematology: hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL; hematocrit 25%; platelets 50‚000/mm3; white blood cell count 2‚000/mm3; differential: neutrophils 20%. The chemotherapy treatment‚ causes a variety of side effects. One of the adverse effect is called as myelosuppression‚ where the bone marrow activity is decreased resulting in fewer red blood cells‚ white blood cells‚ and platelets (National Cancer Institute [NIH]‚ n.d.). The normal hematological lab values for a 13 year old
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Autoimmune Hemolytic AnemiaAutoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 1. Which immune cell is involved in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia? T- cells are involved with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) 2. Which line of defense is AIHA involved in? The second line of defense is involved with AIHA. 3. How is AIHA diagnosed? Absolute reticulocyte count‚ Direct or indirect Coombs’ test‚ Hemoglobin in the urine‚ Red blood cell count (RBC)‚ hemoglobin‚ and hematocrit‚ Serum bilirubin levels‚ Serum free hemoglobin
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Histology Introduction Histology is the microscopic study of cells and tissues of organisms. This study is important in the overall understanding of anatomy and physiology of organisms. It helps to understand the structures and functions of various tissues that make up bodily organs and systems (Wendy Wright‚ 2014). The cell theory states that a cell is the fundamental biological unit. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells‚ and every bodily activity that takes place in a living organism
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