Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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Thesis: There are more costs as a result of Charlie’s experiment It is clear that there are more cost that weighs out the benefits of Charlie’s experiment. To start with‚ everyone needs to have a friend to make life more enjoyful and to share their important parts of their lives. But‚ after the surgery people would look at Charlie as if he wasn’t human at all. He had no one to share his experience being smart. In the story it said‚“All the rest demanded that I be fired. Joe Carp and Frank Reilly
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(T) * It is a contract between employee and employer * Aim to attract and keep loyal employees * Includes: paid vacation; health benefits; life insurance; free meals; free living accommodation; use of recreational facilities operated by the employer; discounts on accommodations; use of a company vehicle; reimbursement for outside classes; child care * Most common forms of indirect compensation: paid vacation -two weeks per year -4 percent of an employee’s current annual earnings
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Employer Health Coverage: Cost Control Karleen M. Lindsey HCR/230 May 9‚ 2014 Heather Csanky Employer Health Coverage: Cost Control Health insurance benefits are a large factor that employees consider when looking for employment. Employers are looking to provide insurance that is cost effective for the employer. Choosing what type of insurance to provide can have different effects on the profitability of the employer. Here is a comparison of the cost effectiveness
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CHAPTER 3 ACTIVITY COST BEHAVIOR LEARNING OBJECTIVES AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER‚ YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Define and describe fixed‚ variable‚ and mixed costs. 2. Explain the use of the resources and activities and their relationship to cost behavior. 3. Separate mixed costs into their fixed and variable components using the high-low method‚ the scatterplot method‚ and the method of least squares. 4. Evaluate the reliability of the cost formula. 5. Explain how multiple regression
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of salary costs for use in estimating a salary cost function. Using one of these cost drivers‚ apply the high-low technique to estimate the salary cost function for Delta Airlines. What driver did you select and why? How would Delta use this function to forecast costs? What are the advantages of this technique? The disadvantages? 2. Use simple regression to estimate the salary cost function for Delta Airlines. Comment on the statistical validity and significance of your results. What are the advantages
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Multiple Choice Questions 16. Which terms would make the following sentence true? Manufacturing companies that benefit the most from activity-based costing are those where overhead costs are a _________ percentage of total product cost and where there is ___________ diversity among the various products that they produce. A) low‚ little B) low‚ considerable C) high‚ little D) high‚ considerable 17. Would factory security and assembly
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additional satisfaction from consuming the Nth product by its price. D. multiply total satisfaction from consuming N products by N. 2. Suppose that the following table lists the utility that Steve receives from consuming oranges at 50 cents apiece. What is the marginal utility of increasing consumption from 2 to 3 oranges? [pic] A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 12 3. Suppose that if you buy one Big Mac that gives you marginal utility of 500 and a second Big Mac that gives you marginal utility of 200
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ANSWER KEY on page 5. Also provide BRIEF answers to each of the 4 “essay type/logical” questions. Multiple-Choice Questions 1. A manufacturer produces 1‚000 basketballs each day‚ which it sells to customers for $30 each. All costs associated with production and sales total $10‚000; however‚ if the manufacturer were to produce one additional basketball per day‚ total costs would increase to $10‚100. From these amounts‚ we can tell that a. the firm has negative profit. b. marginal cost equals
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Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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