Aldosterone‚ what it is and why it is important? Aldosterone is a hormone produced and released from the adrenal glands above the kidneys. Its role is to increase the reabsorption of sodium ions from the loop of Henle and Distal tubule to conserve sodium in the blood and body fluids. When sodium ions enter the blood from the distal tubule‚ water follows by osmosis‚ which increases blood volume and blood pressure. If there is an increased blood volume and blood pressure from high salt concentrations
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SGLT2 is a transporter responsible the reabsorption of glucose that is localized in the kidney. SGLT2 is responsible for 90 % of glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Canagliflozin‚ Dapagliflozin‚ and Empagliflozin inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by the kidney and excretes glucose in the urine. This improves glycemic control. Pharmacodynamics Each of the three drugs has similar effects in improving glycemic control
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Rifampicin - a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica In 1957‚ a soil sample from a pine forest on the French Riviera was brought for analysis to the Lepetit Pharmaceuticals research lab in Milan‚ Italy. There‚ a research group headed by Prof. Piero Sensi (1920-) and Dr. Maria Teresa Timbal (1925 - 1969) discovered a new bacterium. This new species appeared immediately of great scientific interest since it was producing a new class of molecules with antibiotic activity. Because
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Sample Exam 4-Bio 107 1) The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the A) muscularis. B) mucosa. C) serosa. D) submucosa. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: A 2) The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is A) secretion. B) urination. C) mechanical processing. D) elimination. E) absorption. Answer: D 3) Once a bolus of food has been formed in the mouth‚ it is passed by the tongue and jaws to the A) esophagus
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SUMMARY Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyperfiltration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glomerulus and corresponding tubule). The cause for CRF sometimes can be determined by a detailed medical history‚ a comprehensive physical examination‚ and laboratory studies. CRF are common in patients who have multiple myeloma ( cancer
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Diagnostic Urinalysis Lab Introduction/Background Today’s lab exercise is about diagnostic Urinalysis. Urine reflects the many chemical components found in blood. This test is a good measure of health of endocrine system‚ kidneys‚ and urinary tract. Artificial urine samples are used for today’s lab thank goodness. The test that this lab is mostly focused on is called “dipstick” urinalysis test where students will analyze the chemical composition of urine by dipping the chemical indicator stick or
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HS111 Unit 6 Assignment- Progress Report In this Assignment you will proofread the Progress Report listed below. Next‚ you will identify the 10 mistakes that are listed in the report. The mistakes could be misspellings‚ incorrect abbreviations‚ or misuse of a medical term. Please list them in the chart below under the heading “Medical Terminology Error.” After you have listed the errors‚ you will need to identify the correct term or abbreviation. Please list them in the chart below under the heading
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Question 1 (a) Name the following: (i) The phase of cardiac cycle in which the auricles contract. Systole (ii) The organ where urea is produced. Liver (iii) The hormone that helps increase the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules. ADH (iv) Chemical substances produced by micro organisms that can kill or inhibit the growth of other micro organisms. [4] (b) State the main function of the following: (i) Chordae tendinae It holds the valves of the heart in place. (ii) Lymphocytes
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and anaerobic respirations? Q. 6. Name the products produced by the fermentation of glucose by the yeast cell? Q. 7. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds? Q. 8. Name the functional unit of human kidney? Q. 9. The xylem in plants is responsible for __________. Q. 10. Define photosynthesis? Q. 11. What substances are contained in the gastric juice? What are their function? Q. 12. What are the various processes that take place in the duodenum?
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loss. When total body fluid volume decreases by 0.5-1.0%‚ the thirst mechanism asserts itself. Approximately 55% of water intake is derived directly from fluids‚ 35% from food‚ and 10% from water produced as a byproduct of metabolism. Water Output Kidneys excrete approximately 1 to 2 liters of urine per day. Approximately 900 milliliters (ml) of this amount is obligatory water excretion that gets rid of solutes and is constant from day to day. The remainder is excreted according to the fluctuating
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