for the description of all biological membranes • Transmembrane segments of membrane proteins anchor membrane proteins in the lipid bilayer. • A ganglioside is not a phospholipid. • Thin-layer chromatography separates lipids based on hydrophobicity. • Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds and increased membrane fluidity. • Cholesterol increases fluidity at low temperatures and decreases fluidity at high temperatures. • Ankyrin is a peripheral membrane protein found in erythrocytes. Therefore
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surface-area-to-volume ratio important for a cell? List the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (general structure‚ organelles‚ genetic material‚ etc.). What cellular processes occur in the nucleus? Why is it important for the nucleus to have two membranes and tightly regulated pores? What are these structures called? What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? What is the endomembrane system? What are the structural and functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic
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(see appendix one) is a single-celled organism without a membrane-bound structure‚ meaning it lacks a nucleus‚ mitochondria and any other membrane-bound organelles (Unknown‚ 2015). The Eukaryotic is any cell or organism that has a cell membrane-bound structure. Meaning it contains the major organelles inside a cell (Arrington‚ 2014).
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cell. The heart was no longer providing blood flow with the rich oxygen and glucose to the mitochondria‚ which is needed for the production of ATP. Without ATP it was only a matter of a few moments before the active transport pumps in the plasma membrane had stopped. This seize of activity had now allowed for sodium to begin leaking out of the cells and potassium to leak in. Joseph’s lungs could no longer expel harmful carbon dioxide from his body‚ or bring important oxygen in. Cells were dying.
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nucleus Eukaryote = with a nucleus Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm (or Cytosol). This is the solution within the cell membrane. It contains enzymes for metabolic reactions together with sugars‚ salts‚ amino acids‚ nucleotides and everything else needed for the cell to function. Nucleus. This is the largest organelle. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope‚ which is a double membrane with nuclear pores - large holes containing proteins that control the exit of substances such as RNA from the nucleus.
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Chapter 2: Patterns in Nature 1. Cell theory • 1590: Dutch grind glass lens (1st compound microscope) • 1665: Robert Hooke uses compound m. analysis thin cork slices as filled with air enclosed in boxes (cells) distinct • 1676: Dutch sees microorganism under microscope from pond water • 1824: French suggest all organisms composed of cells • 1827: Robert Brown (Brownian motion) discovered nucleus in plant cell • 1838: German produced evidence that all organisms made of cells • 1859:
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envelope 2. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a. Rough ER-has ribosomes b. Smooth ER-lacks ribosomes 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuoles a. food vacuole b. contractile vacuole c. central vacuole 6. Plasma membrane D. Mitochondria E. Chloroplasts F. Peroxisomes G. Cytoskeleton (Table on page 113) 1. Microtubules a. cilia b. flagella 2. Microfilaments (actin) a. muscle contraction b. pseudopodia c. cyotplasmic streaming
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Impulses: Activity 9: The Action Potential: Putting It All Together Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Sensory neurons respond to an appropriate sensory stimulus with a change in membrane potential that is You correctly answered: b. graded with the stimulus intensity. 2. If the depolarization that reaches the axon is large and suprathreshold‚ the result in the axon is You correctly answered: c. action potentials at higher frequency
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permeability of a beetroot membrane cell is affected by ethanol. To do this we will investigate different concentrations of alcohol (10-70%) and measure the absorbance using a colorimeter to show us how much juice has leaked out. Hypothesis I predict that as the concentration of ethanol goes up‚ the permeability will increase as the ethanol will slowly dissolve more phospholipids (lipid bilayer) and so more anthocyanin (the beetroot juice) will leak out of the membrane. So at 10% concentration
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Akash G 12M 1.0 - Disease 1.1 Pathogens: Pathogens are disease causing microorganisms Disease is the symptoms displayed on a person following an infection‚ a malfunction of the body or mind Infectious Disease: Caused by bacterium‚ virus‚ fungum transferred from one person to another Non Infectious Disease: A disease that is not caused by a transmitted pathogen (e.g. Stroke‚ arthritis‚ obesity) Interface: A surface or boundary between two systems For a microorganism to be a pathogen‚ it
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