Abstract This work describes the extraction of caffeine from tea leaves to determine its % caffeine. The extraction process selectively dissolves one or more compounds in a mixture into an appropriate solvent. In this experiment‚ it was visible in the process wherein the components of the tea leaves were dissolved in two solvents‚ water and dichloromethane (DCM)‚ with DCM used for multiple extractions. The organic layer was evaporated and the determined % caffeine was 0.12%. Furthermore‚ the purified
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Chem 231: Organic Chemistry Lab EXPERIMENT #2 and #3 Extraction and Evaporation Recrystallization and Melting Point Measurement PURPOSE: 1. To the components of a simulated pharmaceutical preparation‚ Panacetin‚ and identifying the unknown component of the mixture through extraction and separation methods. 2. To learn how to purify by recrystallization‚ how to dry them and how to obtain a melting point. PRECAUTION: ACETANILIDE AND PHENACETIN ARE EYE AND SKIN IRRITANTS. Minimize
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enumerated powers‚ reserved powers‚ and concurrent power. Enumerated powers are only powers for the National government. Reserved powers are powers only for the state government. Concurrent powers are powers for both state and national Government. This separation of powers was due to the people making sure that no one had more authority than others. This took away some responsibilities but it also gave states the chance deal with their needs the way that they wanted. The Enumerated powers belonged only
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schemes using Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) to isolate the compounds of pure Acetylsalicylic Acid/Aspirin and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) Ethanimidate/Acetaminophen respectively from Excedrin. The first reaction scheme to undergo acid-base organic extraction was to isolate the most acidic compound in Excedrin with a weak base‚ K2HPO4. We isolated the aspirin using aqueous base extraction‚ with Dipotassium phosphate then treated with HCl to force acidification. The mechanism
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Separation Lab Purpose: This lab was based on the separation of the components of a mixture. A mixture can be defined as a physical combination of two or more pure substances. Separation techniques are used to separate components that are not chemically combined. All of these techniques involve changes in the physical state of a chemical compound rather than chemical changes. Sea sand‚ table salt‚ and two other unknown substances will be separated using the separation techniques in order to demonstrate
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independently interact between themselves. This is what is known as the theory of separation of powers. ORIGIN OF S.O.P.- ARISTOTLE Its origin can be traced back to Aristotle‚ the father of Political Science. Of course he did not discuss the issue in great details. He only analysed the functions of the three branches of government‚ the deliberative‚ executive and the judiciary without suggesting their separation. JOHN LOCKE’S THEORY John Locke was one of the eighteenth century philosophers to
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2.3.3 Feature Extraction Feature extraction deals with the extraction of the distinctive features out of face images so that those face images can be differentiated among each other. There are several algorithms available for extracting features out of a face image. The most common is the use of mathematical formulas that generate a mathematical representation of a face image that is termed as a template‚ these templates are “the refined‚ processed and stored representation of the distinguishing
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Separaration of Powers The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Separation of Powers doctrine built into the Constitution. Discussion will cover the origins of the doctrine‚ the factors that made it attractive to the founding fathers‚ and the question of its usefulness in modern America. Political theorists as far back as Aristotle had discussed the merits of various forms of government. The point had been made over and over again that to have all governmental authority vested in a single
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Types of conflict in ‘A Separation’ 1) Simin - Internal Conflict – Wants to leave Iran with her daughter. - Tries to divorce Nader Termeh - She creates conflict in her daughter’s life by forcing her to choose a parent. - Class conflict - Conflict with Azam (Raziehs Sister) who blames Simin for her sister’s predicament - Conflict with society – ostracised as a women seeking divorce in Iran (Theocratic) - Questioning/Doubting her abilities as a mother 2) Nader - Torn between his ‘love’ for Simin
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Marketplace Characteristics of U.S. Organic Sector The U.S. organic food industry crossed a threshold in 2000: for the first time‚ more organic food was purchased in conventional supermarkets than in any other venue. Industry estimates suggest that nearly half of the $7.8 billion spent on organic food in 2000 was purchased in conventional retail outlets. Organic products are now available in nearly 20‚000 natural foods stores (Natural Foods Merchandiser)‚ and are sold in 73 percent
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