empire) -sunni: Muslims that favored choosing the caliph (leader) of the Sunni based on hereditary passed by Ali -imams: hells of Ali 9th C‚ 12th descendant disappeared to be known as “Hidden Imam.” Legitimacy in the Modern State: -Pahlavi: shahs (king of kings) ruled from 1925 to 1979 -Ayatollah Khomeini: personified the union of political and religious interests from ancient days‚ 1st leader returned from exile -Revolution of 1979: led by 5‚ an event that transformed legitimacy of the state
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Janissaries were Ottoman infantry divisions that were made up of boys that were legally slaves that were captured and forced to fight. They were extremely strong and beneficial to the Ottomans. The Safavids ruled under the control of a Shah‚ or emperor. Some of these Shahs were Abbas the Great‚ Tahmasp I‚ and Isma’il. A large part of the Safavid political control was their followers who were given the nickname “Redheads” due to their red
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Stroke Pathophysiology Sid Shah‚ MD Pathophysiology of Stroke Sid Shah‚ MD Page 2 of 14 Stroke Pathophysiology Introduction The two major mechanisms causing brain damage in stroke are‚ ischemia and hemorrhage. In ischemic stroke‚ which represents about 80% of all strokes‚ decreased or absent circulating blood deprives neurons of necessary substrates. The effects of ischemia are fairly rapid because the brain does not store glucose‚ the chief energy substrate and is incapable of anaerobic
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Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower) The clock in this tower is one among the pair (second one in England) presented by the Queen Elizebeth‚ UK. Mahabat Khan Mosque; Mahabat Khan‚ the governor of Peshawar‚ built it in 1630 AD during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (the ruler of the Mughal Empire in India from 1628 until 1658) Islamia College‚ is an educational institution located in the city of Peshawar of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP)‚ Pakistan. It was opened on October 1st 1913 as a constituent
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Contents Sr. No. Title Page No. 1. The Mughal Empire 1-2 2. Mughal Emperors 2-3 3. Nature of Mughal Administration 3-4 4. Administration in Mughal Empire 4-5 5. Administration under Sher Shah 5-6 6. Central Administration 6-9 9 The Emperor 6 10 Wakil and Wazir 7 11 Diwani Kul 7 12 Mir Bakhshi 8 13 Mir Saman 9 14 Sadr-us Sudur 9 15 Qazi-ul Qazzat 9 7. Provincial Administration
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rulers forced the Shiite form of Islam into their empire. The strict rulers‚ however‚ expanded trade throughout the areas where Muslims lived. The three greatest rulers of the Persian Empire were Ismail‚ Shah Abbas‚ and Nader Shah. Ismail formed the empire. Shah Abbas strengthened the military. Nader Shah expanded the empire to its greatest ruling ever. Chinese dynasties strived on a central
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internal regional unrest from the Soviet Union. In the Iranian revolution everyone all the people were unified against the Shah‚ no matter their religion or social class by nationalism. According to the post World War 2 notes all people‚ followers of Islam‚ leftists‚ poor‚ and rich joined together against the Shah. Out of their nationalistic unity and their feelings of detest for the Shah‚ they created the Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini. The Iranian people set aside their difference and unified
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Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became chatrang‚ which subsequently evolved to shatranj‚ due to Arab Muslim’s lack of ch and ng native sounds‚[8] and the rules were developed further. Players started calling "Shāh!" (Persian for "King!") when attacking the opponent’s king‚ and "Shāh Māt!" (Persian for "the king is helpless" – see checkmate) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack. These exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands. The game was taken up by
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establishment of Islamism‚ and the Organization of African Unity. In 1979‚ after several years of civil resistance‚ strikes‚ and demonstrations‚ the people of Iran overthrew their US-backed leader‚ Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi‚ because of his unjust rule and his ties to the States. Mohammad Reza Shah was put into power during the Iranian coup d’etat by the CIA‚ solidifying the US’s control over Iranian oil‚ which was previously nationalized by the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh
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Mansabdari System The term Mansab literally means the rank of its holder (Mansabdars) in the official ladder in the Mughal system of administration. From that angle the Mansabdars were the paid-service officers of the Mughals. On the basis of merit or service to the state‚ Mansabs were given to both civil and military officers and hence they formed an integral part of the Mughal bureaucracy. The Mansabdars could be transferred from the civil to the military department and vice versa. The Mansabdars
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