FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES OF PAKISTAN INTRODUCTION Foreign exchange reserves are the assets of central bank and other monetary authorities in the form of US dollar‚ pound‚ euro and Japanese yen. Foreign exchange reserves are also called the reserves assets and it is used to pay back its liabilities‚ e.g. local currency issued and various bank reserves deposited with the state bank by government .Before the end of gold standard it was kept only in the form of gold only. The reserve assets can
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India with reference to retail sector EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The study aims at providing the overall view of the Foreign Direct Investment into India‚ its classifications‚ trends and importance of FDI in pre and post reform era. Wherein‚ the post economic reform shows an increase in the growth of FDI.It emphasises on the importance of FDI in retail sector.country - wise FDI inflows into the country are carefully observed in order to arrive at appropriate conclusions in order to understand the trend
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7 (a) Explain the current and financial accounts in the balance of payments. Balance of Payment or also called as BOP is a statistical statement that systematically records of all economic transactions between one country and the rest of the world during a given period of time. For example‚ BOP shows the details of the total payments made by a country and also the total receipts by it. There are three major components that are summarized in the BOP which are Current account‚ Capital account and
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INTERNATIONAL FINANCE TOPIC: “BALANCE OF PAYMENT AND INDIAN ECONOMY INTRODUCTION BALANCE OF PAYMENT According to Reserve Bank of India‚ the balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world. It presents a classified record of all receipts on account of goods exported‚ services rendered and capital received by residents and payments made by them on account
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GDP averaged -2.32 Percent from 1980 until 2012‚ reaching an all time high of 4.90 Percent in June of 2003 and a record low of -8.50 Percent in June of 2008. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually‚ countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues‚ with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand‚ countries recording a current
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exchange rate as the country simply lets it move freely to the equilibrium of demand and supply. Secondly‚ there is insulation from external economic events as the country’s currency is not tied to a possibly high world inflation rate as is under a fixed exchange rate. The free movement of demand and supply helps to insulate the domestic economy from world economic fluctuations. Thirdly‚ governments are free to choose their domestic policy as a floating exchange rate would allow for automatic correction
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potential for success in the program you selected? In your eventual career? Please provide specific examples of relevant coursework and/or experience. Majoring[Major] in International Economics and Trade‚ I have built a sound academic background of economics and finance during four years of undergraduate study in School of Economics‚ Fudan University. Through a series of curricular and research projects‚ I developed sound theoretical knowledge and strong analytical ability. My personality and ambition
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100 paisa. On each bank note‚ the amount is written in 17 different languages of India Indian economy background India’s economic journey from an underprivileged country to an emerging global economy is an inspiring example for many developing nations. In order to understand India’s economic journey‚ it is essential to shed some light on India’s political and economic history. After Independence India faced a number of issues including a shattered economy‚ a minimal rate of literacy and horrific
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Introduction This study addresses the question of whether exchange rate changes have any significant and direct impact on trade balance. By examining the trade balances between one of the Asians country which is china and US countries for the sample period from 1977 to 2008‚ this study found that the role of exchange rate changes in initiating changes in the trade balances has been exaggerated. As such‚ an alternative explanation to the observed behavior of China trade balances in the selected sample
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of commodities. It restricts import demand for goods and services. It helps in creating a favorable balance of payments. Almost all the countries of the world have devalued their currencies at one time or the other with a view to achieving certain economic objectives. Since its Independence in 1947‚ India has faced two major financial crises and two consequent devaluation of the rupee. These crises were in 1966 and 1991. The 1966 Devaluation Despite government attempts to obtain a positive trade
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