Quarterly 54‚ 362-395. Howell‚ J.M.‚ K.E. Hall-Merenda (1999). The ties that bind: The impact of leadermember exchange‚ transformational and transactional leadership‚ and distance on predicting follower performance. Journal of Applied Psychology‚ 84 (5)‚ 680-694. Melberg‚ H. O. (1996)‚ Against correlation‚ http://www.geocities.com/hmelberg/papers/960415.htm Nunnally‚ J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shamir‚ B. (1999). Leadership in boundaryless organizations: Disposable
Premium Communication Media technology
Aging Theory Persuasive MJS University of Phoenix Aging Theory Persuasive Theories about becoming old usually begin with ideas or beliefs that an individual has. For example‚ one may forget that he or she has his or her glasses on top of his or her head. Some might consider this as the memory decreasing because of age. Theoretical scientists‚ however‚ must use theories‚ which were tested by hypotheses and will guide their research
Premium Gerontology Old age Ageing
Running head: Competitive Behavior Psychology of Competition: A Social Comparison Perspective Stephen M. Garcia1‚ Avishalom Tor2‚ and Tyrone M. Schiff1 2 University of Michigan University of Notre Dame 1 COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR 2 Abstract This paper proposes a new framework that distinguishes between individual and situational factors in the social comparison process that produces competitive behavior. The familiar individual factors‚ which naturally vary among similarly
Premium Sociology Social comparison theory Psychology
There are many theories in the study of criminal behavior that try and answer the question “What causes people to commit criminal offenses?”; however‚ control theories ask the question “What causes people to conform to rules and criminal laws?” These theories‚ instead of bringing about deviant motivations‚ bring about compliance motivations. Control theories state that crime occurs when controls are not formed‚ are fragmented‚ or are undermined (Paternoster‚ R.‚ & Bachman‚ R. Eds. 2001). The control
Premium Crime Criminology Sociology
Postmodern Social Theory Postmodern social theory is a field which is both difficult to define and rejects being defined. Postmodern theory is largely concerned with the ways our perceptions and reality are constructed. Postmodern social theory is a field of diverse and at times contradictory ideas that try to describe the relations of characters to society of the infrastructures and information age. Social reality is distinct from objective reality and individual subjective reality because it refers
Premium
Introduction Social workers work in a wide variety of settings with people from diverse backgrounds and cultural experiences. While some of them work mainly with individuals‚ others work with families or groups in therapeutic or community settings. Although theory based practice can seem complicated in such contexts‚ social workers rely on a range of theoretical knowledge to make sense of the context and complexities of the human world and to offer solutions to the same (Greene and Greene‚ 2008)
Premium Sociology Social work Psychology
The social process theories view criminality as a function of people’s interaction with various organizations‚ institutions‚ and processes of society. People of all walks of life have the potential to become criminals giving they maintain destructive social relationships. Improper socialization is a key component of crime. (2012. Siegel‚ L‚ Criminology (pg.256). The social process approach-an individual’s socialization-determines the likelihood of criminality. The key to understanding crime and
Premium Sociology Crime Criminology
the full weight of the need for a sense of who one is in a social context (Howard‚ 2000). Identity construction is complex for those who belong to racial minority groups associated with negative societal stereotypes and discrimination (Howard‚ 2000). This racial identity is constructed through the collision of attitudes towards both one’s own group and through other groups‚ as well as through the contextual factors such as community and social structures (Howard‚ 2000). Identify itself can be seen as
Premium Sociology Identity English-language films
Social bond theory developed by Travis Hirschi in 1969 that claims social bonds or ties to family‚ school‚ friends‚ or work tend to minimize crime. The idea behind the theory is that people who are bonded to others they respond to the other people who are then able to control the person behavior. Young agrees that if the theory was limited to an explanation of low crime rates within bonded social groups it would be an accurate theory but to say that these types of social bonds would prevent crime
Premium United States Crime Law
he concluded that offenders had not developed to the unchanging lengths as non-offenders. His method was a structure of biological positivity‚ since it suggested that reliable information is obtained from science‚ reasoning and physical senses. His theory came from his study of prosecuted criminals both deceased and live. Lombroso differentiated the criminal bodily fitness to those of non-criminals‚ as well as people who were identified psychotic. In his study he found‚ to some degree those offenders
Premium Crime Criminal justice Criminology